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29 Sept. 1814
Logic
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Ch.2. Ontology
Entities classed
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Relation as between Cause and Effect -Entities appertaining to it
In the idea of causation in the idea of the relation as between cause and effect - in the idea of the operation or state of things by which that relation is produced in which that relation takes its rise, the idea of motion is inseparably involved: take away motion no causation can have place - no result no effect - no any thing be produced.
In the idea of motion the idea of a moving body is with equal necessity implied.
Among /Of/ the cases in which the existence of motion - relative motion - is reported to us by our senses, there are some in which the commencement of the motion is, others in which it is not, manifest to our senses.
Among /Of/ those in which it is manifest to sense, in some instances it is
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Title: [24 Sept. 1814 Chap V + Logic]Description: 24 Sept. 1814 Chap V + Logic Ch 4 Sec 5 1 Ch.2. Ontology Entities classed 23 17 Subject - Object - Subject - {Concomitance} - {End} Groups of Concomitant entities considered and denominated in respect of their concomitancy. In the idea of an object the idea of some action or at any rate some motion seems to be constantly and [...?] /essentially/ involved. Where the object is a corporeal entity, it is a body towards which the body in motion moves: this body whether permanently or momentarily stands objected i.e. cast before that other body which moves. Even in the case of vision, in the instance of an object of sight, the relation is naturally the same; the only difference is that, in the case of vision, the moving bodies being the rays of light, the object instead of being the body towards which, is the body from which, the motion takes place. In the image /picture/ the tracing of which is the effect of the terms /names/ here in question the object is either on the same level with the source of motion, or above it: the subject, as in its literal sense the word subject imports, is below and under it. In the case of human action - a motion, real or fictitious considered as being produced by an exercise of the faculty of the will, on the part of a sensitive being, this action has, in every instance, for its cause, the desire and expectation of some good i.e. of some pleasure or exemption from some pain, and the entity, the good by which this desire has been produced, is in this case, if not the only object, an object, and, indeed, the ultimate object, the attainment of which is, in the performance of the action aimed at. 45
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Title: [28 Sept. 1814 Logic Ch.2. Ontology]Description: 28 Sept. 1814 Logic Ch.2. Ontology Entities classed 21 15 Action. For /In/ the idea of action, the idea of motion is an essential ingredient. But to actual action actual motion can scarcely be regarded as necessary. Action is either motion itself or a /the/ tendency to motion. Under the term action, besides motion a tendency, though so it be without actual motion, seems to be included. Held back by strings, a magnet and a bar of iron, suspended at a certain distance from each other, remain both of them without motion: cut the strings of either of them, it moves till it comes in contact with the other; but for the state of mutual action which preceded the cutting of the strings no such motion would have taken place. 43
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Title: [2 Oct. 1814 C Logic 16 1]Description: 2 Oct. 1814 C Logic 16 1 Ch.2. Ontology Entities classed 50 16 Material, formal, efficient, final - by these in the language of the Aristotelian schools - by these even in the higher forms of common language so many different species of causes are considered as designated. Neither incapable of being applied to practice - nor of being ever applied with advantage, these distinctions present, in this place, a just claim to notice. The relation they bear to the foregoing expositions, will now be brought to view. Matter and form - both these, it has been seen, are necessary to existence, meaning to real and that physical existence to the existence of a physical body. 1. By material cause is indicated the matter of the body in question, considered in so far as it is regarded as contributing to the production of the effect in question. 2. By formal cause, the form of the same body. 3. By efficient cause must be understood, in so far as any clear and distinct idea is attached to the term, the matter of some body or bodies: what is meant to be distinguished by it may, in general, be supposed to be the motion of that body, or assemblage of bodies, which is regarded as the principal motion, - the motion which has the principal share in the production of the effect. But to the production of the effect - meaning a physical effect - whatsoever it be, a correspondent and suitable disposition of the circumjacent non-moving bodies is not (it has been seen) less necessary than a correspondent and suitable motion, or aggregate of motions, on the part of the moving body. 72
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