JB_102_102.xml

Title: [[102—102] 6 Dec r 1815 Chrestomathia]

Description: [102—102]

6 Dec r 1815

Chrestomathia or Language Titles for Sections

Part I

§.1. Universal Grammar—its Nature and Divisions /its subject—Relations having place in all languages and […?] grammatical. Its place in the field of Art and Science.

§.2. Its uses—general, and particular; viz. 1. Chrestomathic.

§.3. Why now teachable to non-adults, though not before.

§.4. Modes or Forms of discourse or language—audible, visible, and their respective substitutes. ‡ These as being […?] dismissed. By […?] to deaf, dumb and blind.

§.5. Uses of language primary or social (communication of thought); secondary or adventitious /solitary/, 1. recordative: 2. assistance to and 3. improvement of thought.

§.6. Properties desirable in a language at large. Ordinary and extraordinary: viz. Extradespatch in forming. 2. […?] surmounting. 3. Secrecy. 4. Communication to persons labouring under […?] imperfections.

For […?] act on the part of all individuals it is for the whole language to afford capacity.

§.7. Properties desirable in the language of an individual. Decoration. Decorability.

§.8. Degrees in which those properties are possessed by different languages.

§.9. For the arrangement of language necessary basis, an arrangement of the matter of thought. Expression of thought is 1. Voluntary or 2. Involuntary.

§.10. Subjects of language, whether real and fictitious. Immaterial objects no otherwise expressible than through the medium of material ones.

§.11. Contents of language simple and complex, integral and fractional—propositions—words—sentences.

§.12. Terms of or in a proposition.

§.13. Prædication—real and verbal.

Object— practical and ultimate—performing in the best manner the several operations, with a view to their several uses. 2. theoretical, comprehending the several contrivances by which language in its several parts of speech is adapted to the above use..

§. Operations performable in relation to it. 1. Learning. 2. using. 3. teaching. 4. choosing for use. 5. improving. Teaching and thence learning belongs to Chrestomathia.

At any point of time, language is an aggregate having for its elements all the discourses every uttered by all the individuals by whom the particular language in question has been employed.

Operations

Difference between […?]. By using a man teaches something else: by teaching the language he teaches the nature of the tool—the instrument employed.

Use of knowing the properties desirable in language in general and in this or that degree possessed by this or that language. 1. In teaching, taking for the standard of reference the one easiest comprehended.

Part II

§.1. Parts of Speech—essential or principal, and accessory—simple and complex or compounded.

§.2. Parts of speech modified and unmodified. Instruments or means of modification, attached /interior/ /indigenous/ or inflectional, and detached or auxiliary /exterior/. Modifications of thought for the designation of which modifications of language are demanded—Languages sparingly-inflected and copiously-inflected.

§.3. Substantive, i.e. Noun substantive, Pronoun substantive included, its modifications—viz. 1. Case. 2. Gender. 3. Number.

§.4. Adjective—i.e. Noun Adjective (Pronoun Adjective included)—its modifications—viz. 1. Case. 2. Gender. 3. Number.

§.5. Verb, its modifications (Participle, Gerund and Supine included) its modifications: viz. 1. Voice. 2. Mood. 3. Tense. 4. Person. 5. Number.

§.6. Adverb—its complexity.

§.7. Conjunction—its complexity.

§.8. Government and Concord.

/§.6. Propositions, Adverbs and Conjunctions/tives/.

§.7. Collocation—viz. of words in a proposition—simple propositions—complex d o—in a clause or a sentence: harm of inversion. Choice independent of collocation belongs to the subject and purpose and occasion and to Logic. Collocation and choice with a view to Collocation, to Grammar.

§.8. Conjugates./

N.B. In Psychology and Noology the consideration of Idea and Language must be combined.

Ambiguity—sources of are 1. Restrictives. 2. Ordinals.

Ch. Phænomena of the human mind: 1. Experiences & Operations. Correspondent faculties—1. Perceptive. 2. Appetitive.

Ch. Signs employed for the designation of /giving expression [to]/ those phænomena, viz. Propositions—their modifications /different sorts/—their constituent parts. 1. Propositions single. 2. Entities real &c. 3. Mode of exposition of fictitious entities. 4. Propositions double. 5. Propositions complex..

Paraphrasis—Example of a paraphrasiendum To curry favour.

V. Nomenclature

‡ Memoranda 30 Dec 1815

In §.13 Consult Hermes and quote or refer to the passage in which he uses the word exhaustive. The passages examined there see whether something may not here require to be altered.

In d o after seeing […?] copy of Porphyria, alter or correct the Note.

JB_102_588.xml

Title: [6 Dec. 1815 Chrestom. or Language]

Description: 6 Dec. 1815

Chrestom. or Language

Particulars

'.6 Government and Concord

'.6. Of Grammatical government and Concord.

JB_102_517.xml

Title: [13 Nov r. 1815 Chrestomathia]

Description: 13 Nov r. 1815

Chrestomathia

IV. Nomenclature

Exhaustiveness whence Horne's

Grammat Sketch

Ranged in the order of simplicity and conceptibility, and denominated by their usual names, the several parts of speech that are essentially different from one another, and not included any one of them under any other, will stand as follows.

1. Substantive (Noun Substantive).

2. Adjective (Noun Adjective).

3. Verb (Verb Substantive) called also the (Copula).

4. Proposition.

5. Conjunction.

If considered as distinct from all the aboves[?] and not including in itself the import of several of them, the interjection does not form a part of organized language. It is no more than part and parcel of that unorganized language which is common to man and the inferior animals.

In the above list, the word substantive must be understood, considered as unfurnished from those several additionments[?] and modifications by which the relations designated by the words gender, case and number are expressed.

So likewise the Noun adjective.

So likewise the Verb as distinct from those by which the relations designated by the words person, number, Moodes[?] and Tense are expressed.

The Pronoun substantive will be found to coincide in its import and proportion with the Noun Substantive:- and that as perfectly as any one Noun Substantive with another Noun Substantive, that is the sort of relation it bears to the several other parts of speech is the same. The Pronoun Adjective will in like manner be found to coincide in its import and proportion with the Noun Adjective.

The article, whether definite or indefinite, will be found in like manner to be but a species of Noun Adjective.