1831 Sept. 25 M

Language

2

Ch. Practical

Improvement

3

2

And by what means ? Answer - by clothing the discourse employed by him on each individual occasion, with all the several properties desirable on the part of human discourse; regard being had to the particular occasion on which it is so employed; these several properties being such as are subservient and contributory, to the several ends in view, for which, on the individual occasion in question, language is employed.

If, of these same properties, the above enumeration is complete, then so it is that, of every alteration held up in the character of an improvement, the effect, if that character does in any way belong to it, will be to invest it with those same properties - one or more.

91
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    Properties desirable in the information, for the communication of which language is employed: that is to say, whatsoever be the language by means of which it is endeavoured to convey it, the persons by whom, the persons to whom, the occasions on which, and the purposes for which, it is endeavoured to be conveyed.

    1. Clearness: as opposed to 1. Obscurity. 2. Ambiguity. 3. Undefinedness: i.e. want of distinctness between the limits of the idea designated by the word in question, and the several circumjacent ideas.

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    6. Conciseness, or say, compactness or compressedness, as opposed to diffuseness.

    II. Properties desirable in a language, in comparison with other languages: meaning here by a language and the language, the aggregate composed of all the words habitually employed by a certain aggregate of persons, in whose instance this habit of employing the same aggregate of words for all purposes of social intercourse, causes them to be spoken of as having the same language.

    1. Pronunciability.

    2. Melodiousness.

    3. Discibility, or say, capacity of being easily taught.

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    6. Decorability, or ornamentability, as opposed to baldness.

    III. Properties desirable - this or that one of them or this or that other of them in the language or say discourse, employed according to the occasion on which, and purpose for which, it is employed.

    1. Impressiveness.

    2. Dignity.

    3. Patheticalness, or say, aptitude for exciting tender emotions.

    Desirable properties of the second order: that is to say, as being conducive to the investing the language with this or that property of the first order, as above.

    1. Subservient or say conducive to the primary properties of discibility and docibility.

    1. Giving expression by means of a small as effectually as by means of a larger number of inflections to the idea in question.

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    V. Properties desirable in the matter of which language is susceptible.

    This will be determined by, and bear reference to the several preceding topics, viz. 1. Modes or forms; 2. Uses. 3. Operations. 4. Occasions.

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    VI. Different degrees in which these several desirable properties are possessed by the principal and best constructed languages in use.

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    Properties of the first order or primary properties - properties of the second order or secondary properties - under these different classes may be ranked all the several properties desirable in language or discourse taken at large.

    By properties of the first order understand all such properties as are in a direct way respectively conducive to one or other of all the several sorts of ends to the accomplishment of which language is in any part of it on any occasion capable of being employed and directed: and which supposing them possessed, need not for that purpose the intervention or addition of any other properties.

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