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1825 March 16
Language
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II. Fictitious entities of the second order, qualities.
To substance we ascribe qualities. To motion also we ascribe qualities. It is by this circumstance, that of motion, the import is placed, as it were, nearer to that of substance than that of qualities. Substances have their qualities, - they are large, small, long, short, thick, thin, and so forth; motions have their qualities, - they are quick, slow, rising, falling, continued, discontinued, regular, irregular, and so on.
Here then we have an additional class of fictitious entities - of fictitious substances. We have largeness, smallness, length, shortness, thickness, thinness; we have, moreover, quickness, slowness. We might have as well as rising, risingness; as well as falling, fallingness; as well as continued, continuedness; as well as discontinued, discontinuedness; we have as well as regular, regularity; as well as irregular, irregularity; attributes as well of substances as of motions.
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Title: [7 July 1821 Logic 4]Description: 7 July 1821 Logic 4 4 An instance of a fictitious entity of the second remove is a quality. There are qualities that are qualities of real entities; there are qualities that are qualities of the above-mentioned fictitious entities of the first remove. For example, of motion, rectilinearity, curvilinearity, slowness, quickness; & so on. 13
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Title: [[Copyist's hand] Jan y 1811 Copied]Description: [Copyist's hand] Jan y 1811 Copied Logic Ars traditiva[?] Ch.│ │ Subjects, viz. Entities 6. Real entities are either, 1. such as have existence and that a separate existence - viz. substances. 2. Such as have an existence but not a separate one, viz. motions and situations. 3. Such as have no real existence: viz. qualities &c.} 7. Abstract entities can no otherwise be expressed than by fiction. Thus a billiard ball is said to be in motion, or motion in a billiard ball; or two billiard balls in a situation. 8. Two objects - two billiard balls considered in successive moments, have been either at different distances from one another or at the same distance: in the first case, they are in motion, in the second case, at rest. 9. Motion can no otherwise be defined than by diversity of distance, the portion of matter interposed between them being at one time of one length, at another time of another. Different distances are judged of by a comparison which is simultaneous; one moment I can place no more than one piece of wood of an inch long between the two balls, the next moment I can place two such pieces. Language. 10. In a direct manner, words can not in any direct way represent any other events than what are quiescent: motion they can not represent. It is with Language in this respect as it is with Painting. 11. In all propositions, composed of or concerning fictitious and abstract entities, there are two events concerned: 1. the real event typified. 2. the fictitious event which is the archetype. The former is typified, i.e. indicated, denoted, by the analogy which the latter has with it. 12. The proposition which announces the event typified may be termed the plain or unfigurative proposition: the other, the figurative proposition.
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Title: [7 Aug. 1814 B + Logic 1]Description: 7 Aug. 1814 B + Logic 1 Ch. │ │ Methodization '. │ │ Subjects of Denominants 5 Note the different distances at which they stand from reality. Ex. gr. 1. Motions. 2. Qualities. 3. Virtues. 4. Vices. Infidelity to call virtue an empty name. Physical and psychical - under one or other of these two denominations may all fictitious entities be comprized. Let us commence with physical. 1. A motion - motion motion[?]. In the physical world, in the order of approach to real existence; next to matter stands motion. But motion itself is spoken of as if it were matter; - and in truth because in no other way, such is the nature of things and such is the nature of language - in no other way can it - could it have been - spoken of. A ball - the ball called the earth - is said to be in motion. By this word in, what is it that is signified? Answer - that motion is a receptacle, i.e. a hollow substance: and that in this hollow substance the ball called the earth is lodged. A motion or the motion we say of a body. The body is one portion of matter: the motion is another which proceeds of that is from that substance. Of names of motions - i.e. of names of species, or modifications of motion - vast not to say infinite is the number and variety. Genus generalissimum is a term employed by the Logicians of old to indicate the name of any one of those aggregates which is not contained in any other aggregate that hath as yet received a name. The idea of motion necessarily supposes that of a moving body: a body which is in the motion or in which the motion is: necessarily supposes, i.e. without the one idea, at any rate without the one image, the others cannot be entertained. The idea of motion does not necessarily suppose that of another body, or the idea of the motion of another body, or the idea of another body from which, or from the motion of which, the motion in question proceeds or did proceed. The planets, that they are in motion, is matter of observation: whence the motion took its rise is matter of inference or rather of vague conjecture. On the earth's surface we see various bodies in the act of deriving motion from various primum mobiles. But the primum mobile, if any, from which the earth itself derived the motion in which it is at present, what can we so much as conjecture in relation to it? 283
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