JB_102_481.xml

Title: [16 Dec r. 1815 Chrestom. Language]

Description: 16 Dec r. 1815

Chrestom. Language

Ch.11 Propositions

Complex propositions

A complex proposition is that which has at least two subjects, with a predicate and copula to each of them: two subjects and as many predicates and copulas.

The general effect of it is to bring to view two entities, each of them real or fictitious, accompanied with an intimation, that by one of them a change is produced in the state or condition of the other.

{Considered in this point of view a complex proposition may be termed a transition-expressing proposition.}

Examples.

1. Eurybeades struck Themistocles.

2. Themistocles was stricken by Eurybeades.

In both these instances, the result expressed is one and the same. But in the first instance the verb employed (a verb of the complex kind of which further on) is in what is called the active voice: in the other, in the passive.

In both instances a change in the state of a certain entity is represented as produced, and a motion is presented as the cause of that change.

But, in the first instance, the entity brought to view in the first place is the entity in which the motion is represented as having had its commencement: the entity which is represented as having been first in motion, and with that same entity the motion so produced by it: in the other instance, it is the entity in which the motion is represented as having had its termination: Themistocles was struck, viz. by Eurybeades.

JB_102_483.xml

Title: [16 Dec r. 1815 Chrestom. or Language]

Description: 16 Dec r. 1815

Chrestom. or Language

Ch.11 Propositions

Add 1. [...?] active as To love.

2. Neuters in the form of active.

3. Deponent[?] viz. active - in the [...?] of passive.

4. │ │ viz. passives to the [...?] of actives - [...?] /i.e. an aggregate of words/

A verb active is a verb in and by which to the import of the copula or verb substantive is added that of an active quality as having been manifested by the subject in question. In this case, the subject in question is the subject in which the motion in question is considered as having had its commencement.

A verb passive is a verb in which to the import of the same copula or verb substantive is added that of the correspondent passive quality as having been manifested by the subject in question. In this case, the subject in question is the subject in which the motion in question is considered as having received its termination.

JB_102_103.xml

Title: [9 Dec r 1815 Chrestom or Language]

Description: 9 Dec r 1815

Chrestom or Language

Propositions

1. I sit—I am sitting

2. I walk—I am walking

3. I strike—I am striking

4. I am stricken

5. I am old

6. Eurybiades strikes Themistocles

7. Themistocles is stricken by Eurybiades

8. I move—I am in motion

1. You sit—You are sitting

2. You walk—You are walking

3. You strike. You are striking

4. You are stricken

5. You are good

1. He sits—he is sitting

2. He walks—He is walking

3. He strikes. He is striking

4. He is stricken

5. He is wicked

6. Eurybiades strikes Themistocles

7. Themistocles is stricken

8. Themistocles is stricken by Eurybiades

9. Themistocles is stricken by Eurybiades

10. Themistocles is stricken by the rough hand of Eurybiades

11. Themistocles is stricken by the rough and muscular hand of Eurybiades

Verb.

The plural number supposes obstruction made: it implies the existence of a genus /class/

Thou, and he do not import a genus

We not necessarily where the persons are certain but /yet/ frequently

We, is I the speaker and some class of persons I belong to

You, ye—the person spoken to and some class of persons he belongs to.

Tenses

All speech being but the expression of the state of the speaker’s mind viz. at the time of his speaking, that point of time, i.e. in that sense the present, can not but be an object of reference in speaking of any other point of time.

I struck him /gathered the apple/

I have struck him

He passed here

He has passed here

Quere how to describe the difference between […? …? …?]?

I struck him /I gathered the apple/ imports that the action is at an end buy gives intimation of a time indefinitely distant as the time at which it took place, and suggests the idea of looking out for the point of time as being ascertainable from some other source

I have stricken him /gathered the apple/ intimates that the act time at which the act was completed is recently past.

Designation of time 1. with or 2. without express reference to another point of time, and that a determinate one.

Adjectives

Prepositions

An Adjective is the name of some quality, coupled with the intimation of the existence of the object /substance of/ designated by some substantive as the subject in which the quality is to be found.

Considered in that respect in the import of an Adjective is included that of a preposition: viz the preposition in.

This is the most simple conception or expression But to the preposition in may be substituted d o

by and of: a quality possessed by that subject: a quality of that subject.

The corresponding abstraction-denoting substantive is the name of the quality, not coupled with the above mentioned intimation

Qualities are either transitive-denoting /implying/ or not d o

Transitive-implying are either active or passive

For Transitive-not implying see Verb.

Verbs

A verb substantive is a mere assertion of existence: of existence at large, applicable to any subject, or any pair of subjects

A verb at large considered independently of the actions of time and certainty or contingency /conditionality or unconditionality/ involves in its signification that of some quality, active, passive or neutral—coupled, as in the case of the Adjective with the intimation of some subject in which it is to be found.

In so far as the quality indicated by the verb is an active quality, the verb is said to be a verb active, taken /and to be/ in the active voice;

—passive, a verb passive—in the passive voice.

N.B. Probable Degree of priority in invention corresponds not with actual degree of simplicity and clearness of explanation

Propositions were probably not invented and in use before adjectives: abstraction-denoting substantives certainly not.

Tenses

1. Absolute

2. Conditional 1. Conditional izing viz. of sex. 2. Conitional ized.

Conjugates

Among conjugates in general that was first invented and in use, which contains fewest letters: root first, branches afterwards.

But in some instances truncation and substitution may have had place.

Moods

Imperative

Call it the Desire-expressing or Desiderative mode: shewing the impropriety of Imperative

Imperative—the narrowness of the name originated in patriarchy and military command

In like manner give English significative names to the other moods and tenses

1. Absoluteness-expressing

2. Conditionality-expressing.

Harris’s Philosophic Arrangments

… a work to which a reference to any newspaper not to say any child’s book would be an advantageous substitute. For never yet was Newspaper seen in every instance of which exemplifications more than one of every article contained in this mis-supposed compleat list of genera generalissima—of the mutual relations of which to one another no exposition is there /in that ostentatious work/ attempted, is not to be found.

Adverbs

1. Poeosemantic

2. Pososematic

3. Toposemantic

4. Chronosemantic