date

16 Dec r. 1815 Chrestom. or Language
16 Dec r. 1815

Chrestom. or Language

Ch.11 Propositions

Add 1. [...?] active as To love.

2. Neuters in the form of active.

3. Deponent[?] viz. active - in the [...?] of passive.

4. │ │ viz. passives to the [...?] of actives - [...?] /i.e. an aggregate of words/

A verb active is a verb in and by which to the import of the copula or verb substantive is added that of an active quality as having been manifested by the subject in question. In this case, the subject in question is the subject in which the motion in question is considered as having had its commencement.

A verb passive is a verb in which to the import of the same copula or verb substantive is added that of the correspondent passive quality as having been manifested by the subject in question. In this case, the subject in question is the subject in which the motion in question is considered as having received its termination.
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  • Title: [16 Dec r. 1815 Chrestom. or Language]
    Description: 16 Dec r. 1815

    Chrestom. or Language

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    This motion may be considered as the manifestation of a correspondent quality in the subject - viz. an active quality, an active quality which is represented as having, on the occasion in question at the moment in question, been resident in one of the two subjects in question, viz. Eurybeades.

    In the other instance, the being struck may be considered as the manifestation of a correspondent quality of the passive cast, which is represented as having been on that same occasion, at that same moment, resident in the other of the two subjects in question, viz. Themistocles.

    And here may be seen the origin and explanation of two species of Verb - the Verb active and the verb passive, or (to speak in the language [of] the past and present race of grammarians by whom an ample cluster of words are spoken of as if they were all together but one word to which real aggregate and imaginary unit[?], they give the name of a verb, i.e. one verb) the active voice and the passive voice of the verb.
  • Title: [16 Dec r. 1815 Chrestom. Language]
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    Complex propositions

    A complex proposition is that which has at least two subjects, with a predicate and copula to each of them: two subjects and as many predicates and copulas.

    The general effect of it is to bring to view two entities, each of them real or fictitious, accompanied with an intimation, that by one of them a change is produced in the state or condition of the other.

    {Considered in this point of view a complex proposition may be termed a transition-expressing proposition.}

    Examples.

    1. Eurybeades struck Themistocles.

    2. Themistocles was stricken by Eurybeades.

    In both these instances, the result expressed is one and the same. But in the first instance the verb employed (a verb of the complex kind of which further on) is in what is called the active voice: in the other, in the passive.

    In both instances a change in the state of a certain entity is represented as produced, and a motion is presented as the cause of that change.

    But, in the first instance, the entity brought to view in the first place is the entity in which the motion is represented as having had its commencement: the entity which is represented as having been first in motion, and with that same entity the motion so produced by it: in the other instance, it is the entity in which the motion is represented as having had its termination: Themistocles was struck, viz. by Eurybeades.
  • Title: [14 Nov r. 1815 Chrestomathia]
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    IV Nomenclature

    The import of the word copula is the same in all languages. The import of the word verb is different in different languages. - In the copiously inflected languages it includes a much greater number of words than in the sparingly inflected languages.

    In the import of the copula is included nothing more than the one just brought to view.

    In the language of Grammarians, by the name of the verb substantive one verb is distinguished from all others; it may be termed the verb indicative, in which are contained indications of simple existence. In Latin the verb sum: in English the verb to be, for in Latin one of the many species of conjugates included under that complex denomination, in English another of those[?] species of conjugates, is employed as the name of the whole aggregate.

    In every other verb throughout all its modifications, with the import of the copula is added the import of some name of a quantity. In the verb substantive, no such additional[?] has place: unless the objects designated by the words person, number, mood, tense, be regarded as capable of being included[?] under and designated by the word[?] quality.

    (a) A sign designative of present time, is it to be considered as designative of a relation? Is [...?] the present the standard of all relation of time? The copula, it should seem, must be considered as including the designation of present time, unless in so far as intimation is given of the contrary.