18 Jan y. 1816 +

Chrestom or Language

Ch. │ │ Content of Language

'. │ │ Simple Propositions

Subject

'.9. Of the subject of a proposition.

The name of the subject of a proposition is either a singularly designative or a plurally designative name: it is singularly designative when no more than one individual is meant to be designated: plurally, when individuals more than one.

A singularly designative name is either determinately or indeterminately designative: determinately, where the individual meant to be designated or distinguished from all others: as in the case of the proper name of a man, a field, a street, a town,[?] &c.; indefinite or indeterminate, when the import of the pronoun adjective some or any is considered as attached to it.

A plurally designative name is the name of an aggregate or number of individuals, considered as if collected together.

These individuals are either all determinate, all indeterminate, or some determinate, others indeterminate.

1. All determinate: for instance, the members of one official Board actually in existence.

2. All indeterminate: for instance, the intended members of an official board not in existence but in contemplation to be established.

3. Some determinate, some indeterminate.

Of this sort, are the names of all species and genera of things - of aggregate objects which have, have had, or will have, a real existence: For in and by every such specific or generic name are designated in the first place, all the individuals which are considered as being at the time in question endowed with the specific quality indicated by the name - in the next place, all that ever were.[?] In the last {place,[?] all[?] that[?]} ever will be: and by the supposition, these last neither have, nor ever have had, existence.
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  • Title: [30 Jan y. 1816 Chrestom or Language]
    Description: 30 Jan y. 1816

    Chrestom or Language

    Ch.2 Signs viz. Propositions

    '.1 Single Propositions

     [...?]. Propositions, why spoken of before terms. Proposition, the integer: time but a fraction - result of the decomposition of a proposition.

    Brutes incapable of the decomposition: their language is all in propositions.

    Ch.│ │ Signs employed for the designation of these phænomena, viz. Propositions: - their modifications or species - their consituent parts or contents.

    '.1. Collections of signs, i.e. Propositions expressive of some state of the perceptive faculty, considered as having for the source of the perception, a corporeal object or objects.

    Correspondent to the objects to be designated, such must be the signs by which they are designated.

    Correspondent to the states, and modifications of which corporeal objects are susceptible, such must be the modifications of the signs which, under the name of language or discourse, are employed in the designation of them.

    Every proposition by which any portion of matter is brought to view - is presented to the mind - has for its subject either some material body, some portion of a body, or some collection of bodies, or portions of bodies, or of bodies, and portions of bodies.

    The sign or portion of language, by which any such modification or modifications of matter are presented to the mind is termed a name, a denomination, an appellation, an appellative.

    By any such name, what is designated is either a single body, a part of a single body, or an aggregate of bodies, or of parts of single bodies.

    If a part of a body be spoken of by itself, it is in so far considered as a whole.

    If it be a single body, the mode in which that body is spoken of is either determinate or indeterminate: if determinate, the name is stiled a proper name: if it be an aggregate of bodies, it is stiled a common name.

    If the individuals designated by such common name be all determinate, it is or may be stiled a collective name, in so far as any of them are indeterminate, a generic or specific name.

    If being a single body it be indeterminate, it has for its denomination a common name, whether collective or generic, being the name of the aggregate of which it is considered as an unit, coupled with a species of sign denominated a pronoun adjective of which by and by.
  • Title: [12 Aug. 1813 Ivy Bridge Logic]
    Description: 12 Aug. 1813 Ivy Bridge

    Logic

    Language

    Propositions

    Every proposition of which either a conjunction, or preposition or an[?] adverb make a part is a composite proposition.

    12. In every simple physical proposition, if compleat, are contained a word or term designative of the subject (a) of the proposition, a word designative of the predicate (b) of the proposition, and a word expressive of the copula (c) or bond of connection between the two - a word by which the operation called predication is performed. +

    13. This copula is either affirmative or negative:

    14. By the copula, if affirmative the subject is averred to be in some state, the designation of which is effected by the the predicate as[?] employed.

    14. This state is either a state of rest or of motion.

    15. If in a state of rest, either included in or appended to the proposition is a designation of some portion of time[?] as being that, in which the subject is meant to be asserted as being in the state in question. This leads to the consideration of the various modifications of time.

    (a) See sheets of the subject of a proposition.-

    (b) The predicate is always the name, - may at least in every case be considered at the name of a quality.-

    (c) So called in as much as it operates as a bond of connection to such other parts of speech as it may happen to the other parts of the proposition to contain.-

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  • Title: [18 Jan y. 1816 Chrestom. Analysis]
    Description: 18 Jan y. 1816

    Chrestom.

    Analysis

    Ch.10 Content of Language

    4,6

    '.1

    A proposition is either distinguished in the first place into purely real, purely verbal, and semi-real or ambiguous or mixt.

    To begin with purely real.

    A proposition is either an intellectual, i.e. state of the intellect-expressing, or volitional, i.e. state of the will is desire-expressing, proposition.

    To begin with an[?] intellectual propositions of the intellectual cast or kind.

    The name of the subject of such a proposition may be the name either of a real entity, or of a fictitious entity.

    So also the name of the attribute or predicate may be either the name of a real or the name of a fictitious entity.

    Every simple proposition comes - or without violence, and in respect of unity and simplicity with considerable use, may be made to come - under this description - viz. a mass of discourse by which the assertion is conveyed to this effect: viz. that in, the subject of which the name is contained or implied in it, a property, or quality of which the name is contained or implied in it, has had, has or will absolutely or eventually have, existence.

     See how far this is true where of, from, or any other of the local pronouns is the pronoun the import of which is expressed.

    A quality is a fictitious entity: 1. Every name of a quality or the name of a fictitious entity.

    The quality thus expressed may be either momentary or permanent: momentary, i.e. not meant to be represented as having existence in the subject in question for any portion of time other than the individual portion which the other words are employed to designate; permanent where the property is considered as habitually resident in the subject in question, no length of time being marked out as that beyond which, on the occasion in question, the quality is not considered as residing in that same subject.