date

13 Nov r. 1815 Chrestomathia
13 Nov r. 1815

Chrestomathia

IV. Nomenclature

Exhaustiveness whence Horne's

Grammat Sketch

Ranged in the order of simplicity and conceptibility, and denominated by their usual names, the several parts of speech that are essentially different from one another, and not included any one of them under any other, will stand as follows.

1. Substantive (Noun Substantive).

2. Adjective (Noun Adjective).

3. Verb (Verb Substantive) called also the (Copula).

4. Proposition.

5. Conjunction.

If considered as distinct from all the aboves[?] and not including in itself the import of several of them, the interjection does not form a part of organized language. It is no more than part and parcel of that unorganized language which is common to man and the inferior animals.

In the above list, the word substantive must be understood, considered as unfurnished from those several additionments[?] and modifications by which the relations designated by the words gender, case and number are expressed.

So likewise the Noun adjective.

So likewise the Verb as distinct from those by which the relations designated by the words person, number, Moodes[?] and Tense are expressed.

The Pronoun substantive will be found to coincide in its import and proportion with the Noun Substantive:- and that as perfectly as any one Noun Substantive with another Noun Substantive, that is the sort of relation it bears to the several other parts of speech is the same. The Pronoun Adjective will in like manner be found to coincide in its import and proportion with the Noun Adjective.

The article, whether definite or indefinite, will be found in like manner to be but a species of Noun Adjective.
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  • Title: [12 Nov r. 1815 Chrestomathia Language]
    Description: 12 Nov r. 1815

    Chrestomathia Language

    IV. Universal Grammar

    Parts of Speech Tabulated

    The following are the accessory ideas of which the principal ones expressed by the several parts of speech in question must be divested. - Why? Answer. Because of these several accessory ideas, the import conveyed will be found to be equivalent to the import of so many entire propositions.

    I. Noun Substantive - Accessory ideas attached to it in some languages.

    1. The ideas respectively designated by the words - 1. Gender. 2. Number. 3. Case.

    II. Noun adjective - the same.

    III. Verb - Accessory ideas attached to it as above in some languages.

    1. Person (relation had to the speaker and the being spoken to).

    2. Number.

    3. Tense i.e. {sign of} Time.

    4. Mood or Mode, which is either, 1. Absolute, or 2. Conditional.

    The proposition involved in the import of the termination by which Gender, i.e. Sex, is designated.

    I. Gender.

    1. The person in question, viz. the person in the designation of whom the Noun Substantive to which the termination is attached is employed, is of the sex thus designated: viz. either male or female. Applied to human and most other animated beings, the proposition thus expressed may always be true.

    2. The thing in question is of the sex so designated. Applied to unorganized beings, this is never true: and so among organized beings with[?] few exceptions if applied to vegetables. By this absurd falshood, unless complication to a vast amount; conception not only erroneous but pernicious to a considerable amount, is /are/ infused into the composition of the languages in which this execresence is contained: and in particular the Latin, the Greek and the indian languages of which these[?] mutual languages form respectively the main roots.

    In the copiously inflected languages (Ex.gr. Greek, Latin, Selavenia[?] and their derivatives) all three these accessory ideas are, all three of them, designated by terminations: letters or combinations of letters added or substituted to those expressive of the principal object. In the sparingly inflected languages for example, Gender, no; Number, yes. Case: the genitive and no other.

    In the Russian, a dialect of the Selavenian[?], instances are not wanting in which not only the noun but the verb is encumbered with variations of termination indicative of sex.
  • Title: [19 Nov r. 1815 Chrestomathia or Language]
    Description: 19 Nov r. 1815

    Chrestomathia or Language

    Universal Grammar

    Exhaustiveness whence

    Grammar Sketch

    {A part of Speech (the collection of these being understood as composed of the above list).

    The[?] Parts of Speech.

    A part of speech is either, 1. Aplonoctic, simple in its[?] import, or 2. syncrationoctic, composite in its import.

    A part of speech, simple in their[?] import are[?] either - 1. significant by itself, or 2. Not significant by itself.

    The only part of speech which is perfectly simple in its import and at the same time integrally significant of itself is the noun Substantive: the noun Substantive, not as it exists in Greek and Latin complicated with liberal modifications indicative of logical relations - such as Gender, and Case and number, but such as it exists in English: as in the words Man, Woman, Horse.}

    A noun substantive, as in the Latin the word noun truly imports, is a name.

    The entity of which it is the name belongs either to the class of real entities or to the class of fictitious entities.

    {Incorporeal as well as corporeal substances being included,} real entities are those and those alone which belong to that universal class designated by the logicians by the name of substances.

    Substances are divided by them into corporeal and incorporeal. Under the noun of incorporeal are included all masses of matter howsoever circumstanced in respect of form, bulk, and place.  In a note give the contents of the Porphyrian tree.

    Corporeal substances the existence is made known to us by sense, they may on that account be termed perceptible: of corporeal no otherwise than by ratiocination: they may on that account be termed informative. To the class of inferential entities belong, 1. The soul of man in a state of separation from the body. 2. God. 3. All other and inferior spiritual entities.
  • Title: [13 Dec. 1815 Chrestom. or Language]
    Description: 13 Dec. 1815

    Chrestom. or Language

    1

    '.4 Noun Adjective

    Ch.4 Of Noun Adjectives

    Case, gender, number - of none of these affections of the noun substantive has the noun adjective any need. In all these particulars its import is determined, determined with perfect clearness by the connexion it has with the noun-substantive, by the connexion which the sign of a quality has with the sign of the subject in which it is meant to be represented as inhering.

    In this particular, again, the English may be seen presenting a model of perfection. In the English the adjective is everywhere altogether undeclinable.

    The substantive has but two declensions two signs of modification, - the sign of the genitive case in the singular number, and the sign of the plural number in all cases. In the adjective even these modifications are unnecessary: accordingly, in the English, they have not either of them any place.

    34

    [102-556v]

    Ch. 6.

    Of Pronouns

    Pronouns are either substantive or adjective.

    The pronoun substantive as the name imports, is but a noun substantive of a particular kind.

    The pronoun adjective as the name imports is but a noun adjective of a particular kind.