date

2 Sept 1813 Logic 3
2 Sept 1813

Logic

3

Language-Grammar

Employing the imperative mood - addressing myself to any person and saying Speak thou - or Speak all that I give intimation of is, that it is my desire that he should speak. Employing the dominative and imperative future - saying thou shalt speak, besides giving intimation of the existence of a desire on my part that he should speak, I moreover give intimation of a persuasion on my part that so irresistible is the influence exercised by my will on his, that the fulfilment of it is an event that cannot but take place. Such, beyond doubt, will be his conduct, and that conduct will have had for its cause, either on his part the knowledge of my will, or else my agency in some other mode.

Case 2. Case in which the event is not meant to be represented by me (the speaker) as dependent upon my will.

Singular Number.

1. First person singular. I shall perish.

2. Second person Thou wilt perish.

3. Third person singular He, she or it will perish.

Plural Number.

4. First person plural We shall perish.

5. Second person plural Ye will perish.

6. Third person plural They will perish.

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    Case 2. Case in which shall is the word employed.

    1. First person singular I shall perish. Intimation not given that the event is dependent on the will of the speaker.

    2. Second person singular Thou shalt perish.

    3 Third person singular He, she, or it shall perish. Intimation given in these two cases that the event is dependent on the will of the speaker.

    4. First person plural We shall perish. Intimation not given.

    5. Second person plural Ye shall perish. Intimation given.

    6. Third person plural They shall perish. Intimation given.

    In a jest book story, the mode in which a foreigner is apt to make a mistake in the application of these two words, is presented in a half-disastrous, half-ludicrous, point of view. The stranger has fallen into the water, and he cries out to the bystanders, "I will be drowned."

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  • Title: [24 Dec. 1815 Chrestom. or Language]
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    For placing all this matter in what it is believed will be found a clear light, the following two scales of phrases, by one of which one of the two imports is meant to be expressed, - and by the other of them the other, will it is hoped, be found to serve.

    1. - Case in which the event is meant to be represented by me (the speaker) as dependent upon my will, this may be called the imperative, or dominative, or tyrannically predictive future.

    Singular Number.

    1. First person singular I will perish.

    2. Second person singular Thou shalt perish.

    3. Third person singular He she or it shall perish.

    4. First person plural We will perish.

    5. Second person plural Ye shall perish.

    6. Third person plural They shall perish.
  • Title: [24 Dec. 1815 Chrestom. or Language]
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    Chrestom. or Language

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    '. Shall and Will

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    What remains is - employing successively through all six descriptions of persons, the same one of the two futurity-denoting words in question, to subjoin to it on the occasion of its application to those several descriptions of persons respectively, an intimation of that one of the two imports in question, of which it is expressive. In this case the explanation given is the same as that given in the others, the only difference is that which regards the order in which the particulars are brought to view.

    1. Case in which will is the word employed.

    First person singualar - I will perish. Intimation that the event in question is dependent on the will of the speaker, is, in this case, given.

    Second person singular - Thou shalt perish.

    Third person singular - He, she or it shall perish.

    In neither of these cases is any such intimation as that in question given.

    First person plural - We will perish. In this case a decided intimation is given, that, in so far as regards the fate or condition of the speaker, the event is dependent on his will. But in so far as regards the fate or condition of his alleged associates, the intimation given is, that it depends, in some way or other, upon their wills and his taken together; but as to what part their respective wills will respectively bear in the production of the event, no peremptory determination is expressed, because, in the nature of the case, no such peremptory assurance can be entertained.

    Second person plural - Ye will perish.

    Third person plural - They will perish. In neither of these cases is intimation of the dependency of the event on the will of the speaker conveyed.

    51