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9 March 1807
I. Shapes
Misdecision
Appear is a word in common use (what word in more common use?) and so much the better suited to the purpose of being converted into a snare. This amongst so many others has been taken into technical hands, infected with technical poisons, made into a law-word pregnant with questions of law. Questions of law bred out of it may be seen in Comyns digest, solved or unsolved by propositions │ │ in number, true or false filling 12[?] 8 o pages equal to twice or thrice as many ordinary ones.
By an order signed by a Judge, a man is commanded to appear, on a day therein mentioned, at a place therein mentioned:- what is the consequence? Appearing at that same day and place, but without employing an Attorney to appear instead of him at another time and place, he is punished: employing that member of the partnership to appear at that unspecified time and place, though not appearing at the time and place commanded, he saves himself.
In process of time, the virtue of fraud having become effeté, order from such a quarter so to appear, had in the conception of a part of the people, come to be understood to signify an order to employ an Attorney. To mend the snare, the word personal has been added. At length notwithstanding the reinforced asseveration, the word is understood to have been no more sincerity in it than before. A general understanding has obtained (this at least is the best result that can be hoped for) that whatsoever comes from that quarter is undeserving of all credit: the snare has become harmless: the bugbear alone remains. To save himself from being devoured by it, a man flies of course into the arms of an Attorney.
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Title: [9 March 1807 Judicial Injustice]Description: 9 March 1807 Judicial Injustice Letter V I. Shapes 1. Misdecision In the penning of real law, the study of the real legislator naturally is as it ought to be, so to choose his words that the questions of law arising out of them shall be as few as possible. It is for this purpose that except for the purpose of abbreviation, as above mentioned, he will never lose sight of two congenial endeavours, on every occasion to employ such words as are in most common use with the people whose fate they dispose of, and never to use them in any other sense than that in which the people understand and use them. Correspondent to the study on the part of the real legislator, though by the rule of contraries, has been, in his character of pseudo-legislator, the study of the English Judge. Example: Magnifying Jury trial in outward show, undermining it in practice, denying in the teeth of uninterrupted experience the right of Juries to decide the question of law, arrogating to himself the exclusive cognizance of all questions of law - of all questions grounded on words of law, he converts into a word of law - a source of questions of law words of all sorts as many as the language furnishes. Words made by the partnership, and in use nowhere but in the partnership answer this his purpose well: words in common use and in the most common use answer it still better. Law jargon produces manifest obscurity, serves as a bugbear, and forces men into the arms of the partnership for advice, by the dread of falling under the lash of the law and by the sense of dependance produced by conscious ignorance. Ordinary language, infected by passing through technical hands, answers the better purpose of a snare, and thus inveighs them into transgression, that vent[?] their torment the partnership may extract its profit.
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Title: [9 March 1807 Letter V I. Shapes]Description: 9 March 1807 Letter V I. Shapes 1. Misdecision To appear is to appear - the sense of it imprisoned, what more instructive explanation could such a word receive? Whether at such a time or place John Stiles appeared or no, what if there were such a thing as a question of fact, could such a question be, but a question of mere fact? Yet this is among the questions which English jurisprudence has thus contrived to number among questions of law! Heirs - heirs of the body - Heirs by itself, a word which lawyers must from the first have found in the most common use, but to which for the certainty's sake in any book of real law it might not have been improper to have subjoined an explanation - supposing it always composed of other words in equally more common use less susceptible of misconception, and at any rate not selected for the purpose of deceipt. Making his will in favour of a friend who has a family, a man gives to him and his heirs, meaning that his heirs shall have it, which they can not if he sells it. What does the English lawyer. He takes in hand and poisons the word heirs, he takes out of it the sense he found belonging to it, he crams into it a sense he found not belonging to it. The meaning of the testator was that the first object of his bounty should not deprive the others of it; the man of the law invests him with that power, perverting the word into two words, adopting it into his mass of spurious law.
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Title: [12 June 1805 Evidence Note]Description: 12 June 1805 Evidence Note continued Introd. Ch. Procedure Natural ''. Confront. Object n to [...?] Note ( ) to p.2. continued In proof of the property[?] and unvexatiousness of such personal attendance, were an argument to that effect presented to the English Judge, what answer would he have to make? The class of men to which I have the honour to belong as a class of men who only now and then mean what they say, and to whose word it is [...?] prudent to give evidence. The paper was signed by me[?] it is true, but like so many other papers which I am in the habit of signing like so many other [...?] which I am in the habit of making [...?] by solemn signature it is all /a [...?] of/ a falsehood from beginning to end. The King knew nothing of /about/ the matter: I myself knew as little: were the Defendant to come to me (in Court or out of Court - at that time or at another) I should refuse to hear him: were he not to come he would not suffer the penalty of ,100 or any other [...?] penalty: he would be [...?] and [...?] in an inexplicable[?] variety of other ways. What I mind he should do was to employ an Attorney, but the business might come before me, through the medium of my learned friends, in a regular way; a fact which any man may easily [...?] himself about, where [...?] he has [...?] to understood that my [...?] ends I am sure that fit to be believed. Therefore as the Attorney came instead of Client: act this[?] the Attorney himself were he to attend at the time and place at which I have thus commanded attendance to be paid; would be spoken to or suffered to speak any more than his client.
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