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{Nov r 3 1817.}
Government at 70
Government
Factitious dignity
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When a factitious dignity is conferred a draft is drawn upon the public for a certain portion of respect to be paid to the person or persons on whom it is conferred.
Under monarchies in general and the english monarchy in particular the person by whom drafts of this kind to the greatest amount are drawn is the monarch.
Like all other practises that have place in the business of government this is kept up because it has been kept up: as to the question of public utility the uselessness of the practise is either never thought of, or taken for granted.
Upon examination /scrutiny/ made of this practise on the ground of public utility the result is - that it is on no account useful and on several accounts pernicious.
If on being questioned any endeavour is used to justify and defend it on the ground of public utility it will be under the notion of its being conducive to the production of meritorious public service: service from which the quantity of happiness in the whole community taken together receives increase. The result of the scrutiny is that in several ways this quantity that experiences diminution and in none increase.
To be bestowed with a view to the production of meritorious public service is to be bestowed in the way of reward. The aggregate mass of factitious dignities forms accordingly one component part of that mass of the matter of reward which in this country is in the hands and actual disposal of y e Monarch
One non hereditary two hereditary: both naturally mis-applied: hereditary would be wasteful if well-applied.
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Title: [1820 Feb. 19 Radicalism not dangerous]Description: 1820 Feb. 19 Radicalism not dangerous III. Experience II. Ireland Radicalism - its origin Factitious dignity 17 6 This nice discrimination all this nicety of discrimination factitious dignity supposing it ever to have any such object as the production of meritorious service necessarily confounds and puts out of sight. So many Knights of the Garter, so many Knights of the Bath, so many Knights of the Thistle, so many Knights of S t Patrick so many simple Knights /Knights Bachelors/ so many Baronets, suppose all these men to have rendered to the country in some shape or other meritorious public service, how in any one instance can you perceive or so much as discover in what degree or in what shape the service has been rendered? Meritorious public service - factitious dignity - is it possible without extreme violence even for so short a time and for the purpose of the argument to bring the mind to conceive[?] /keep forced into the mind the conception/ of any tendency on their part to take up their abode in the same subject receptacle? Personal favour or money - look at /open the book of/ history in these two causes you will behold the original and only ordinary[?] sources of distinction in that shape. Look in the first place to the order of the garter. A /As a/ token of the place occupied by the wearer in the private affections of the Monarch - in this character and no other, as every body may see, was it conferred. As to the others one and all they are but so many copies inferior copies of the /that/ same original. In one thing they all agree and that is a […?] with the person. One lot of factitious dignity there is which is hereditary which in imitation of that composed of independent /irresponsible/ power and factitious dignity called a peerage is capable of continuing for ever in the same family descending to the eldest and nearest male of the last possessor. Of this institution what is the purpose? Giving encrease to meritorious public service? No such thing. What then? Giving encrease to the wasteful and selfish expenditure of the Monarch in pursuit of his own individual pleasures. It was sold by him to who ever would pay the price for it; sold, and the produce of it poured into that tub of the Danaides his privy purse.
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Title: [[xxxviii. 59] 1822 June 29]Description: [xxxviii. 59] 1822 June 29 Constitut. Code 2 Ch Factitious dignity excluded Ch. Securities for I Moral Aptit. Factitious Dignity excluded 1. Dignity what - idea indeterminate - efficient cause of respect. 2. 1. Natural - cause respect opinion entertained of conduct and frame of mind. 3. 2. Factitious - cause the act of another. 4. Its distinctive character, causing respect to be shown to men in any number, towards whom, were conduct and character known, the opposite sentiment might be entertained by all. 5. Exclusion of the power of conferring mischievous respect is among the neccesary securities for operative's moral aptitude: viz. lessening power without prejudice to the proper end of Government. Ground of the proposed exclusion, the persuasion that the effect is purely evil. 6. Division 1. Source, condition of the │ │ an individual, or a line of do. Line 1. Political or say official. 2. Genealogical. 7. Division 2. Source, Inducement to the act by which the dignity is conferred. Collation is 1. grounded. 2. Ungrounded. If grounded, ground the contemplation of service in some shape done or eventually likely to be done by the dignitary to individual, individual or community. 8. By Government, neither in this nor in any other shape can benefit be conferred on some, but at the expence of others. Take any two men: by neither can a quantity of respect in which the other has no share be shown, but less must be shown to the other. Effect as to this, the same as a tax as to money. To no one can money be given by Government but it must have been taken from another. 9. Sole seat of this sort of manufactory, Monarchy: to assign grounds is not there customary. 10. By article manufactured, pleasure produced in two souls - 1. Manufacturers: 2. receivers. Groundless or not, here is collation ungrounded. 11. In so far as grounded, i.e. ground - viz. justificative cause, assigned, the ground is, attaching reward to service: meritorious service. Service of truly meritorious or useful; i.e. conducive to happiness in net quantity. 12. Axiom 1. Reward shd. be proportioned to service: felicity produced by the reward to do. by the service. 13. Axiom 2. The greater the service, the geater the reward. 14. True if by reward given to a man nothing were taken from any one else, remuneration could not be exessive. By what philanthropist could man be blamed for conferring on members net happiness to any amount? But neither in regard to respect, nor in regard to money, can this be. 15. Axiom 3. Be service maximized, expence, minimized. 16. By the performance of an act useful to the public, natural dignity, in so far as known to have been performed, and thought to be useful, general respect is obtained: natural dignity widened: exactly proportioned is this reward to the estimated value of the service Benefit produced by Primus's service twice as great as do. by Secundus: unless, as per axiom 3, obtained at less expence.
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Title: [1822 July 19 Constitut. Code. Rationale]Description: 1822 July 19 Constitut. Code. Rationale 1. Arrangements proper for producing the benefits proposed from factitious honor. 2. Discarded here from the beneficial effects is addition to Monarchs power. 3. Use naturally proposable, production of meritorious service to community, through Government or otherwise. If yes, it must be by notification of the meritorious service, quality and quantity, that retribution made be made by respect. 4. To maximize the usefulness of it in this way, is to maximize the value of the meritorious service produced by each acct, whereby honor is thus conferred. Ends here to be aimed at are — 1. Value of such meritorious service maximized. 2. Expence of the reward minimized. 5. Consider and or here 1. In each occasion, for service to be produced, benefit of reward must outweigh burthen of service. 2. The greater the service, the greater the award worth giving for it. 3. Of rival services, to obtain the most valuable offer the greatest reward for it. 6. Sole shape here in question the honorary not for service in all shapes is reward in thus sufficient, or unapt. Where by the service loss in money is sustained, remuneration commences not till after loss fully compensated. So as to loss in time and labour sold for money. If by the reward, future contingent service be intended to be obtained, not only actual past loss but originally probable loss must be considered. 7. By apt and adequate notification of past service rendered, i.e. by honor thus conferred, the maximum of future service may be obtained at the minimum of expence: for the value of the reward thus rises with d o. of the past service rewarded by it. 8. Facts proper to be notified here are — 1. Quality of the service. 2. Quantity of d o. 3. Individually whom rendered. 4. Circumstances constitutive of its value 5. Circumstances constitutive of the burthen of rendering it. 9. Judgment of remuneration its contents. 1. Declaration of meritoriousness — brief reference had to judgment appointing individual punishment in criminali. 2. Publication of the particulars of the meritorious service as above: appointing 1.Typographical form 2. N o. of copies printed 3. How to be disposed of. 10. Aggregate of these remuneratory judgments, or reports of Remuneratory judgments. The Register of Meritorious Service, or Meritorious Service Register: or good-Desert Book. 10 (a) Analogous could be ill-desert Book 11. Classification of contents, at first chronological only: when a certain quantity of matter has accumulated add Logical or say Methodical d o. 12. Acquiring from analogy the expence of such adjudication need not be grudged. 1. Not grudged is the expence of contestation, concerning any the smallest reward claimed by an individual at the hands of an individual on the score of ordinary service rendered. 13. Without such proof and contestation, or opportunity of contestation, no reward at public expence should be given: thus alone it is given on. 14. Of service not great enough to be thus notified, the notification may be left to the service- -renderer.
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