JB_111_069.xml

Title: [1818 Aug. 27 §.4 Things as they are]

Description: 1818 Aug. 27 §.4

Things as they are or First lines &c.

§.4. Instruments in Mixt Monarchy - 1. Force. 2. Corruption

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§.4. Instruments of Misrule in a Mixt Monarchy - 1. Military force. 2. Corruption.

In a mixt Monarchy, such as is the English, if from the beginning there were force enough as much as in a pure monarchy of the same extent, population and opulence there would be no need of any other instrument. But in a mixt Monarchy there is not to the sinister purpose in question any such sufficiency of military force: some other instrument is therefore in this case necessary.

Of a mixt Monarchy such as the English, the characteristic is that there exists a body of men, chosen some of them at least by the great body of the people without whose concurrence the Monarch can not act. In none of these shapes then in which misrule is profitable to him can he give effect to it without their concurrence. But this concurrence is not to be obtained on any other terms /conditions/ but /than/ that of letting them into a share of the sinister profit. In so far as this /an/ arrangement of this sort has place, corruption has place: the Monarch is the corruptor: the /these treacherous /unfaithful// representatives of the people, the persons corrupted.

JB_111_070.xml

Title: [1818 Aug. 25 Things as they are or]

Description: 1818 Aug. 25

Things as they are or First lines &c.

§.4. Instruments in Mixt Monarchy Corruption

{3}

{10}

{3}

 27 Aug. 1818. Quere as to the need of what follows?

8. In a {pure} Monarchy as the phrase is, {in a Monarchy which is exempt from the obstruction /incumbrance/ opposed by an under-aristocracy, at /especially of/ the still more troublesome obstruction opposed by a democratical representative body} the sole sources of demand for money are purchase of the instruments of sensual and other /consumable and inconsumable/ personal enjoyments /instruments of quick consumption such as meat drink and cloathes instruments of slow consumption such as buildings taken together/, purchase of services of dependent companions exhibiting in all their forms the tokens and pledges of unlimited obsequiousness, purchase of services employed in the business of government that is in getting in the money for the above and all other purposes, and purchase of the services of the members of the standing army together with what is called the materiel of the army the collection of the instruments necessary to give to those personal services the desired effect: in a word purchase of pleasure, purchase of court service, purchase /maintenance/ of services employed in government /maintenance of civil government /part of the establishment//, and maintenance of a standing army i.e. of the military part of the establishment.

JB_111_061.xml

Title: [1818 Aug. 25 §.1 Things as they are]

Description: 1818 Aug. 25 §.1

Things as they are First lines &c.

§.1 Misrule Necessity

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 For extant speculation and revenue of Austria, Prussia and Russia see Morn g Chron. 25 Aug. 1818

{State of the Nation /Government/ &c

First lines /Principles/ of constitutional policy.

I. Misrule - necessity of its predominance, under every government but that of a Representative Democracy {with secret and virtually universal suffrage.}

II. Its principal effects waste and oppression - subject maters of waste

III. Its instruments and causes in a pure Monarchy, military force.

IV. Its instruments in the English mixt Monarchy, corruption and military force

V. Matter of corruption - its ingredients

IVI. Words and phrases employed as instruments of misrule.

{That} By the unalterable constitution of mans nature, in the ordinary course of life every human being pursues his own interest , in preference of all other interests put together.}

Note (a)

6[?] By his own interest, understand that interest which on each occasion being present to his mind operates upon it with greatest force. When Esau when he sold /in selling/ his birthright for a mess of pottage Esau pursued his own interest: for under the pains[?] of hunger, the value of the pottage as a means of relief from those pains[?] was so great, as to occupy the whole extent of his mind, and exclude from his view the complicated train of ideas necessary to present to his conception the value of his inheritance.

3. In proportion as a man sympathises with the sufferings and comforts of every other man /being/, it becomes his interest to asswage /diminish/ these sufferings and encrease those comforts as if they were his own. The greater the number of the human beings with whom he thus sympathises, the higher the degree in which he possesses the virtue of benevolence. Benvolence is a passive virtue; correspondent to it, and consequent upon it is the active virtue of beneficence.

4. The case of a human being of mature age and sound mind in whose breast no such feeling as that of sympathy ever had place has perhaps never been compleatly realized.