date

1818 Aug. 27 §.4 Things as they are
1818 Aug. 27 §.4

Things as they are or First lines &c.

§.4. Instruments in Mixt Monarchy - 1. Force. 2. Corruption

1

§.4. Instruments of Misrule in a Mixt Monarchy - 1. Military force. 2. Corruption.

In a mixt Monarchy, such as is the English, if from the beginning there were force enough as much as in a pure monarchy of the same extent, population and opulence there would be no need of any other instrument. But in a mixt Monarchy there is not to the sinister purpose in question any such sufficiency of military force: some other instrument is therefore in this case necessary.

Of a mixt Monarchy such as the English, the characteristic is that there exists a body of men, chosen some of them at least by the great body of the people without whose concurrence the Monarch can not act. In none of these shapes then in which misrule is profitable to him can he give effect to it without their concurrence. But this concurrence is not to be obtained on any other terms /conditions/ but /than/ that of letting them into a share of the sinister profit. In so far as this /an/ arrangement of this sort has place, corruption has place: the Monarch is the corruptor: the /these treacherous /unfaithful// representatives of the people, the persons corrupted.
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    Of the sinister sacrifice the chief instruments may stand expressed in these four words © namely 1. Force. 2. Intimidation 3. Corruption. 4. Delusion

    Force namely physical force incidentally and in case of necessity and to the extent of that necessity, applied is an instrument essentially necessary to /the use of which is of the essence/ every government: to a government which has for its object the greatest happiness of the greatest number not less than to a government which has not for its object the happiness of any more /other/ than the ruling one.

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