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1820 Feb. 16
Radicalism not dangerous
III. Experience
II. Ireland
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(a) Insert afterwards sole benefit of the representatives two or three of the Members so alien that they may speak so confusedly[?] to the virtue of a people: and so much[?] the known[?] strength[?]
When on the occasion of the land so indefatigably bestowed /[…?] heaped upon/ the English Constitution, as compared with that of every other Monarchy, the /any such/ question is asked in what the excellence /characteristic feature the feature indicated/ consists, the answer constantly given for no other can be given /indicated/ is in in the share by which their representatives the body of the people have in the legislature /by means of a body of men who are stiled their representatives having the great body of the people for their constituents/ meaning thereby the supreme power in /and all directing power of/ the state. If in virtue of the share /fraction of power/ possessed and exercised by these so stiled representatives of the great body of the people, the great body of the people possessed in fact any such power, it would be because, it would be by means of this circumstance, namely that on such occasion, the majority of these agents being placed and removable by their principals, the will and correspondent course of conduct maintained by these /their/ functionaries could not for any considerable length of time be otherwise than conformable to the will and wishes of the majority of the people, the will declared and acted upon by the representatives being thus at all times dependent on the will and wishes really entertained by their constituents. As[?] then how the fact stands, the answer that which is most notoriously the only true answer is that there never is nor ever can be any such dependence that at least for several centuries last past no such dependence ever has taken or without a correspondent change in the constitution ever can take /have/ place. (a) The alledged cause of this excellence being a fiction, what is the consequence? that the excellence itself is a fiction likewise. But excellence itself is a mere word a word without any useful meaning, unless by it be meant an efficient and effective cause of felicity on the part of the great body of the people. But as the alledged dependence in question is an fiction, and the alledged excellence in question is another fiction, a further consequence is that the alledged felicity is an ulterior fiction.
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Title: [1820 Feb. 16 Radicalism not dangerous]Description: 1820 Feb. 16 Radicalism not dangerous III. Experience II. Ireland 3 If felicity in fiction be not equivalent to felicity in fact, Britain is not a country Ireland is not a country in which any such felicity in any such shape as alledged has place and therefore on this supposition, the alledged excellence vanishes. If felicity in fiction is an equivalent for felicity in fact, then neither on this supposition has any such excellence place. For in fiction the existence popular representation, dependence of alledged representatives on alledged constituents, conformity of the proceedings of those representative to the wishes and thence to the interests of those constituents is just as easily affected as of Great Britain and Ireland, and might at any time be affected with as much veracity /entire sincerity/ and sincerity in the one case as it is or can be in the other. From truths may either truth or falshood flow /come/ /or truth or falshood may ensue /accrue// From falshood nought but falshood ever can flow /can ensue/. In this couplet in addition to rhyme may be seen though not poetry, what is somewhat better worth than fiction in that or any other shape, sound reason: reason applicable to whatsoever subjects are in relation to human happiness most important. The original come last from Bishop Saunderson Bishop of Lincoln /one of Charles the first Bishops/ in his Logical compend, but of all compends of the current logic Bishop Saunderson who with this or any other useful matter would have thought over and again in his head ere he would have let it fly, /would no more have let it fly than any Archbishop of Canterbury or Bishop of London would/ had he been prophet enough to have seen /foreseen/ that any such use as this would have been made of it. Ex veris virtute[?], falsumque aliquando sequitur Ex falsis poterunt nil nisi falsa sequi + in /of the case of/ Spain, or Morocco, or in Bambarra
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Title: [1820 Feb. 16 Radicalism not dangerous]Description: 1820 Feb. 16 Radicalism not dangerous III. II. Ireland 4 1 In so far as the foundation is sham, they who would have a superstructure of any sort /in any shape built upon it/ must content themselves with a sham superstructure. A people who content themselves with sham appropriate aptitude in all its shapes on the part of their rulers, will have for the necessary result sham felicity as the result: sham felicity for the ultimate effect with a correspondent choice of shams on the part of the intermediate cause. On the part of the Monarch /supreme executive Magistrate/ sham sham benevolence, sham beneficence sham precedence: on the part of that other set of functionaries who are where they are there because their forefathers were there before them guardians of an interest which is not so much as pretended not to be an interest peculiar to themselves distinct from one consequently constantly opposite to that of the people the same collection of sham virtues: on the part of the sham representatives of the people , a sham sence of responsibility to their alledged constituents coupled with a real responsibility on the part of those who are seated by patrons to those the authors of their political being /their political creators/: on the part of all together a sham solicitude for the felicity of the people a real solicitude for their own private felicity, accompanied with a conduct really conformable to that real solicitude: on the part of Judges a sham solicitude for the interests of the people in respect of justice, a real solicitude for that interest of their own which is promoted by the screwing up to the highest pitch the mass of emolument /advantage in all shapes/ extractable from their respective Offices: a sham desire /solicitude/ to reduce to their minimum the evils of delay, vexation and expence, a real solicitude and /with a/ correspondent endeavour to swell it and keep it swelled to its maximum for the sake of the profit derivable and derived from the expence: + a sham desire /solicitude/ to reduce to its minimum the quantity of the burthen borne in all shapes imposed /borne/ upon the people: a real solicitude and correspondent endeavour to swell to its utmost possible magnitude for the sake of the proportionable benefit which the authors have found means to derive from it. Note “+ See in Scotch Reform &c 28 distinct instances in which for this purpose by that same authority factitious vexation and expence have been and continue to be manufactured: as also the point of distinction between their natural system of judicial procedure which has justice for its object and that technical system which with fiction, i.e. wilful falshood for its object, has for these same purposes been created by these same hands. Of no part of the picture there drawn has any man /any lawyers wit/ with or without a gown ventured to deny /control/ the truth. But so successful have the architects been in the construction of the labyrinth of iniquity that no eye which is not strengthened and exerted[?] by a predisposition to the sinister interest can muster up strength enough to bestow the exertion necessary to obtain a clear conception of it.
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Title: [1818 March 7 + Parl. Reform Proposed]Description: 1818 March 7 + Parl. Reform Proposed H. of Commons Resolutions Representatives 5 13. That by the Representatives of the people, the sense of the people whose Representatives they are can never be truly represented and conformed to, otherwise than in so far as for their continuance in such their situation, they have been rendered and remain dependent upon the wishes – the real and genuine wishes and desires of such their constituents, as expressed by their suffrages, delivered as above. 14. That to give to the dependence that perfection of which considered in itself and without regard to any other object it would be susceptible, it would be necessary that at all times it should be in the power of every such Electoral body as above to remove its Representative; in the same manner as it is in the power of every individual who has granted to another a power of Attorney, to revoke the same. { and so in regard to Instructions} But forasmuch as in such a state of things instead of deputing representatives to manage such their public concerns the people would thus be in their own person continually occupied in the management of those same concerns, whereby that time and labour would be occupied and engrossed, without which the business of private life in respect of the provision of the means of subsistence could not be carried on, hence it becomes necessary that this same power of removal should not be called into exercise, otherwise than at certain stated and more or less distant, periods.
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