114-010.xml

Title: [1822 June 17 Economy etc Hence]

Description: 1822 June 17

Economy etc

Hence for instruction and remembrance and standards of reference we have these formulae /axioms./ /aphorisms./

1 Sole justifiable end of laws, greatest happiness of greatest number

2. Immediate direct means or immediately subordinate end, aptitude maximized on the part of functionaries of all sorts employed in /about/ and under the law, appropriate aptitude maximized maximization of appropriate aptitude.

3 Collateral means or /and/ immediately subordinate end, expence minimized minimization of expence.

I. Aptitude

Appropriate aptitude is aptitude with relation to the end Inaptitude is the absence or the opposite of aptitude. In the case of a functionary of Government appropriate aptitude is appropriate official aptitude.

In /Of/ appropriate official aptitude with relation to the end of government and laws three branches or elements may /require to/ be distinguished, namely 1. Appropriate moral aptitude: 2. appropriate intellectual aptitude: 3. appropriate active aptitude

Appropriate intellectual aptitude again requires to be distinguished into 1. appropriate knowledge: 2. appropriate judgment.

For maximizing appropriate official aptitude in these its several branches the arrangements and other means employed by the Constitutional branch of law may be termed Securities for these several branches of appropriate official aptitude: These securities for it, are so many efficient causes of it: they respectively so many concurrent causes: the aptitude produced by them, their joint /common/ effect.

038-174.xml

Title: [[xxxviii. 174] 1822 June 18 Consult]

Description: [xxxviii. 174]

1822 June 18 Consult 1823 June 30

Constitut. Code Economy etc

Ch. Expository matter

 1. Law - its branches

1. Branches of the body of the law, are

1. the Operative.

2. the Constitutive

Operative is composed of the Penal and Civil

2. By Constitutional branch are determined the powers and duties of functionaries, and the acts, events, and states of things by which they are located and dislocated - made to begin, and cease to be so.

3. By the whole together is expressed the aggregate of the wills declared by the supreme operatives at the point of time in question, expressed by all anterior do. included, except in so far as the contrary has been declared.

.2. Government - its ends proper and sinister

4. Sole right and proper end of Government, greatest happiness etc. of all, so far as the happiness of any one can be encreased, without lessening to a greater amot., do. of any other or others of the greatest number, so far as that is not the case.

5. Of happiness or say good thus produced the net amount will be directly as do. produced inversely as do. destroyed, or say evil produced.

6. Included in the essence of Government is evil. Only by creating obligations can Government be carried on. To govern is to do evil - to govern well, is to do the least evil that the greatest good may come.

7. A Government's goodness is as the appropriate aptitude of its laws and operations with reference to that end.

8. External circumstances the same, this aptitude will be as the aptitude of the functionaries by whom the laws have been made, the operations performed.

9. Taken by itself, all expence is evil.

For remembrance and standard of reference, hence these aphorisms.

1. Sole proper end of Government, greatest happiness etc.

2. Immediately subordinate direct means, functionary's appropriate aptitude maximized: do. collateral, expence minimized.

JB_160_110.xml

Title: [1822 June 10 Economy Part IV]

Description: 1822 June 10

Economy

Part IV.

England as example

A form of government which has for its all comprehensive end in view

the greatest happiness of the greatest number has for its component and immediately

subordinate ends in view two: namely 1. Aptitude viz Appropriate official aptitude

maximized 2. Expence viz Expence of government minimized

In England the form of government has for its component and

immediately subordinate ends in view these three 1 Aptitude with reference to the

interest of the partnership maximized: 2. Aptitude with reference to the universal

interest in so far as the partnership is adverse to it minimized. 3. Expence, viz

Expence of Government maximized.

Out of the expence of government comes the profit to the Monarch and

his associates: the sum of the /that same/ profit encreases with the sum of the

expence: therefore it is that in this case it is the interest and thence the

principal subordinate end of government that that expence be maximized.

Part IV

Illustrtation in /by/ the way of Contrast. Immediately Subordinate

end aimed /pursued/ under a Government having for its end in view the greatest

happiness of a partnership composed of a Monarch and his associates in power /the

Monarch in a mixt Monarchy/: namely 1. Expence of Government /Official Expence/

maximized: 2. Official Aptitude minimized. A Government of this sort exemplified in

the case of England.

Good Government illustrated by its opposite /Misgovernment/. Outline

of English Government.

Misgovernment exemplified. England the example.