date

21[?] Jan y. 1810 + Parl y. Reform
21[?] Jan y. 1810 +

Parl y. Reform

Note ?

Ch.2. Influence what purpose

'.1

1

11

In the situation here in question by will on will whatsoever influence is exercised is sinister: no influence that is not sinister can be exercised that is not sinister: all such influence might /should/ therefore as far as possible be excluded. And that to a great and even /to all probability/ sufficient degree it may be excluded /is practicable/ will be seen hereafter.

In the same situation, by understanding on understanding influence may be exercised that is not sinister, to exclude all such influence, whether possible or no could not be proper or desirable.

On the contrary in this same situation the admission of this sort of influence is desirable: desirable, and to /even in/ such a degree as to be altogether necessary.

True it is that along with such influence of this kind as is salutary and conducive to right conduct the admission of such as is of an opposite tendency, viz. sinister, pernicious and conducive to misconduct is not altogether, is indeed only in a comparatively inconsiderable degree, capable of being avoided /avoidable/. At whatever door can be opened for the admission of salutary instructive influence of this sort instructive influence of this sort pernicious, deceptitious is capable of finding entrance: and here to distinguish between the one and the other and choose[?] accordingly is the task which rests in the judgment in all cases.
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    On any occasion in the course of this same period, suppose, for supposition sake, any other sinister interest to have obtained /commanded/ a majority, and that by the means of sinister influence, of the influence of will over will, it can only have been by means of the secret support, or through the inadvertence or the negligence on the part of /of/ the possessors that irresistible and all-commanding influence.

    By means indeed of authority, viz. intellectual authority - influence of that sort which is exercised by understanding over understanding may to an indefinite amount have fallen to the share of this or that individual, or to each one of an indefinite number of individuals: and if on any occasion by that sort of influence which is exercised by will on will wills thus endowed /armed/ with a sufficient mass intellectual authority can be influenced with effect, and efficient majority sufficient to exercise /exercising/ the power of the whole assembly may in this way be got together /up/ and commanded by sinister influence in /even in/ individual /private/ hands.

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    Q. < > What do you understand by uncoercive or unimperative influence.

    A. I understand that sort of influence which is capable of being exercised, and is somehow in a greater or less degree actually exercised, by subjects notwithstanding they are /without ceasing to be/ subjects, on the conduct of those by whom supreme coercive power is possessed and exercised.

    Q. < > On this occasion, which of the two sorts of influence do you mean - influence of will on will or influence of understanding on understanding?

    A. I mean either or both: in idea and in their nature they are distinct, and that to such a degree that while the effect of the[?] one is salutary to the political constitution of that country, the other, as sooner or later we shall have occasion to observe + is rank poison. But in the present case they are apt to have place together, nor is it worth while to note the proportions in which they have place.

    Q. < > In what way or ways are these influences capable of being exerted or exercised?

    A. The persons you will observe by whom these influences are for /to/ the purpose in question considered as being exercisible and exercised, are persons who either are not in possession of coercive power in any shape, exercised in person or by proxy, or if they are are not on the occasion in question considered as exercising it.

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  • Title: [21 Jan y. 1810 Parl y. Reform]
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    Objector. Good. So far so good /Agreed/ But if you admitt of influence, what do you get by limiting it to that sort of influence which is exercised {by understanding} over understanding? why not as well admitt of that sort which is exercised by will on will? By the influence exercised on it by understanding is not understanding continually liable to be misled and in consequence conduct misdirected in consequence? But if conduct be misdirected, what matters it whether it be by understanding or by will that is misdirected.

    Author. Doubtless the one you have been mentioning is a cause of misconduct as well as the other. But in my turn give me leave to put the question is it not better to have but one cause of misconduct than to have two?

    Now then in between the two causes of misconduct in the case in question the matter stands thus. {Misconduct so far as it has for its cause a deceptitious /an improper/ /a misleading/ influence exercised on understanding by understanding it is in this case impossible to prevent or diminish by any legal arrangements: misconduct so far as in this same case it has for its cause influence exercised by will over will it is not impossible to diminish at least by legal arrangements.}