date

4 Dec 1809 Parl y Ref m Influence
4 Dec 1809

Parl y Ref m

Influence

'. Dependence how produced

4

Though by a single benefit received and conferred and received all at once no dependence is not produced, yet by two or more such benefits it may happen that dependence /corrupt dependence/ shall be produced.

But in this case the production of the dependence depends upon the production of hope, looking to benefit from the same source. Hope in the /some corrupted/ breast looking to the receipt of future benefits from the same corrupting hand.

In the natural course of things, and in default of special grounds for the contrary expectation, as between protector and protegé, every good benefit is considered as a pledge and earnest of future benefits, howsoever indeterminate and contingent, as about to flow into the same reservoir from the same source.

If on my first coming into a new neighbourhood I send for a shoemaker in the same street, and after having been /after being/ measured bespoke of him a pair of shoes, by this transaction, a hope of my custom in future is naturally excited in {my} /his/ breast, and in a degree correspondent to the expected value of my custom, he is by this transaction placed in my dependence.

If instead of thus dealing with a shoemaker to whom I am known, I drop into a Yorkshire warehouse where I am not known, and there with ready money, and without making myself known buy and carry with me a pair of shoes ready made, by this transaction I create not in the breast of the master of the shop any such dependence.
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  • Title: [4 Dec 1809 Parl y Ref m Influence]
    Description: 4 Dec 1809

    Parl y Ref m

    Influence

    '. Dependence how created

    5

    But if after having bought my pair of shoes at the warehouse, it happens to me to drop in to the same warehouse once more and there to buy another pair of shoes, the master at the same time recognizing me as one who on a former occasion had been his customer, an /a particular/ expectation, how slight so ever, of future custom, of finding in me, who am thus become known to him a future customer in future begins to be raised in his breast: the expectation the hope strengthened, and with it whatsoever degree of dependence it is in the nature of a profit in trade so circumstanced to create.
  • Title: [4 Dec 1809 Parl y Ref m Influence]
    Description: 4 Dec 1809

    Parl y Ref m

    Influence

    '. Dependence how created

    6

    The case in which it may happen to parliamentary corruption not to be productive of dependence is, as already intimated, not altogether without example. It is the case where the corruption is so circumstanced as to bear the name of bribery, the party to whom the matter of corruption is administered being a parliamentary elector, and the body by whom or on whose behalf it is administered, a candidate for a seat in parliament.

    Take the case of a venal but open borough: in which the thus corruptible part of the electors, receives each of them from one of the candidates a guinea for his vote.

    By /In/ this transaction, by corruption in this shape no sort or degree of dependence is produced on either side /part/ in particular not on the part of the elector. This transaction past this contract fulfilled on both sides an /a sort of/ expectation may /will/ naturally enough be produced, that in a future election the like contract may be repeated. But naturally speaking not being accompanied either by hope or fear, by this transaction no dependence /no dependence of the corrupted elector on the corrupting candidate/ will naturally speaking be produced. In the regular course of things, the /any/ occasion for repeating the transaction will not recurr again much sooner than at the end of seven years: when it does come, comes with it naturally enough perhaps the expectation of another guinea viz. from the same or another hand, but without any decided /small/ fear of less or hope of more: and be it what it may, viewed at so considerable a distance, no decided probability will naturally present itself /appear/ of its being either more or less if presented /offered/ by that same thing if presented /offered/ by any other hand.
  • Title: [3 Dec r 1809 '.4 Parl y Reform]
    Description: 3 Dec r 1809 '.4

    Parl y Reform

    Influence

    Ch.1. Explanations

    '.4 Corruption

    (7 or before) 1

    2?

    In every instance of corruption there are two parts noted: that of the corruptor /him by whom/, and that of him who is corrupted /to whom the matter of corruption is administered/. These two parts there will be frequent occasion to distinguish: in the one case /on the one part/ the corruption has been said to be active; in the other, passive.

    Even in /where the corruption is of/ the active kind, the part taken by the corruptor is in many if not most instances such as in the stage[?] may be termed inactive: [...?] to produce whatever effect can be aimed at by the corruption it is not /may perhaps never be/ necessary that on his part any explicit discourse or deportment /active line of conduct/ should be uttered /exhibited/, that in a word any thing should be done.

    When by corruption the effect it aims at is produced, it is by means of a particular species contract of a particular species entered into for that purpose.

    In point of possibility /the nature of the case/ this, like any other contract, is, in respect of the course taken for the communication between mind and mind, capable alike of being either[?] express or implied. Express however, this like many other sorts of contracts it scarce ever is in point of practice.

    When a man bespeaks of his shoemaker a pair of shoes, what he says to him make me another pair of shoes: what he does not say to him is - and when you have sent them to me together with your bill, I will pay you, as I have been used to do, the fair value. This would be superfluous a mere waste of words.