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7 Aug. 1809
Parl. Reform
Ch. Necessity Hume
13
13
Formulary[?] - 1 I see - 2 d. I see (tracing out from Scott, Ellenboro' &c the money produced by corruption & others vice)
"Instead then[?] of asserting absolutely" (continues he) " that the Dependence of parliament, in every degree, is an infringement of British liberty, the Country-party should have made some concessions to their adversaries, and have examined what was the proper degree of that dependence, beyond which it became dangerous to liberty."
Very curious concessions indeed! profound policy to make /have made/ them! sapient advice to have advised them. On the part of one of his favourites a dishonest or interested man, an insincere man yes: a very /perfectly/ consistent and suitable line to pursue to place the question on the footing of one that never could be determined, and on /in regard to/ which it would be at all times open to every man upon every occasion to take that side and that course which for the moment might seem to him most conducive to his own personal interest, leaving that of the country to be promoted or denied by the decision, as it might happen.
{With all his ingenuity, There was something about this man that rendered him never so happy, as when he had involved a question in what seemed to him interminable doubts: and all the most strenuous exertions of his mind seem to have been those which were directed to this end.}
A more idle enquiry /errand/ than this about which he was for setting all men about, and of both /all/ parties, seems to me not capable of being imagined /imaginable/.
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Title: [20 Aug 1809 Parl y Reform Corruption]Description: 20 Aug 1809 Parl y Reform Corruption Members Matter 4 Add false moral sanction be [...?] to be in a state of the most abject indigence[?] is sad[?] to be ousted, bound in the chains of absolute dependence. Corruption[?] 1. course[?] 2. allowing[?]. Much more really afflictive than this may be the lot of the man who has placed himself in that state of dependence which is created by the acceptance of a lucrative office. The cloaths on his back and in his chest of drawers excepted, The furniture of his house {and those other little articles of property which are as so many necessary appendages to every man's person excepted,} /excepted or not excepted/ it is no rare case /by no means an uncommon situation/ even in the instance of a Member of Parliament for a man to have no other source of livelyhood /means of living/ than that which is attached to such his office. The utmost degree of dependence which a man can be placed in by a bribe, even while still but in expectance much more when already in possession is it not independence itself when compared with a state which takes from a man so compleatly all power of resistance. Even when the emoluments of the office form but a supplement to the independent mass of his property still his condition {under the Minister} is such that it is constantly in the power as well as in the will of the Minister /he beholds in the Minister who has it constantly in his power, and as constantly in his will/ to punish him for fulfilling in the course of his duty to the /his/ country by a pecuniary punishment heavier than any that in that shape is ever inflicted by the severest Judge for the violation of it. Add illustrations, compare the loss of an ousted placeman with Davison's[?] punishment - Melville's probable punishment under Ellenboro' &c.
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Title: [14 Oct r 1809 P.I Parl y Ref. m B]Description: 14 Oct r 1809 P.I Parl y Ref. m B. II. Influence. Ch. {1.}/3/ {Explanations} /Modes of Corruption/ Ordinary modes 2 {1. Of the different shapes &c[?] viz. money &c it depends on idiosyncrasy which creates most dependence 2. / 2/ Fear of ablation makes more dependence than hope of collation. 3. / 1/ Benefit in expectancy no matter the shape: values, what he would pay for it 4. By a benefit already conferred on a friend no dependence except by gratitude: it not being generally ablatible. I Value to dependents 5. Drawbacks from value on 1. Labour – ex. gr. of others 2. Punishment or infamy[?] as in case of bribe 6. Corroboration of dependence of obsequiousness – on 1. Gratitude (the sympathy) 2. Obligation to gratitude by force of popular sanction 7. By expectation a single benefit may keep any numbers of Members or Electors in dependence and obsequiousness } II. Value to patron 1. 8. 1 greater, the more valuable to dependent 2. the less merit it requires on the part of dependent: because 1. The more merit requisite the fewer he is able to demand[?] in de dependence. 2. the less likely it is that his personal favourites, who the more obsequious they are the more meritless they are likely to be can be provided for. 9 Of the whole of the mass of patronage the value is the greater the greater the number of benefits conformable and the greater the value of each. 10. Useful to have a cloak to corruption. Unaware[?] is that cloak […?] the as[?] steward.
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Title: [17 Dec r 1809 Parl y. Reform]Description: 17 Dec r 1809 Parl y. Reform Ch.3. Dependence '.3. Modes and degrees 9 4 It is by a decree of this nature that other benefits which at /to a/ first view might seem incompatible are contrived to be heaped upon one head. Reserving to his own person the efficient pension[?] attached to the efficient situation of Member of the House of Commons, by means of some [...?] or [...?] - some wife some daughter, a man contrives to plant his family in the peerage. If for the purpose of enabling him to lay before both assemblies in equal force and to equal advantage the /such/ considerations which /as/ have recommended to his judgment a law /bill/ which he has taken upon him to propose, the author or any other advocate for it /that bill /proposed law/ which unless it be its fortune to obtain the assent of both these assemblies can not pass into a law,/ had successively the liberty of speech in both these august assemblies laws which have reasons in their favour - preponderant and sufficient reasons - would /might/ see here and there a case stand /possess/ a rather better chance for acceptance than at present: in every case in which the prevalence of a separate and sinister interest did not intervene to exclude it from all chance of contact with the enacting /authenticating/ sceptre. But from /by/ any such combination and cumulation and combination of powers, though it might be too much to say that the public would be the only party benefited, yet at any rate in comparison of the benefit reaped by the public the utmost that would fall to the share of the individual would be scarce worth a regard /minute and inconsiderable/.
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