JB_164_210.xml

Title: [[clxiv. 210] 1820 June 30 Emancipation]

Description: [clxiv. 210]

1820 June 30

Emancipation Spanish

?.8. Corruptive influence

As, under this physical power of doing mischief, and violating all engagements whatsoever with impunity, all imaginable laws and other securities whether of a political or a moral nature would be powerless and unavailing, much more would any or all of those paper securities or customary securities which in this or any other political state are to be found

Much /Still/ less for example could Magna Charta, that useless and inapplicable repository of a few obsolete promises, couched /conceived from beginning to end/ in the the language of vague generality, promises having no /scarce any/ determinate application to the state of things in which they were given still less to the present or any intervening state of things promises the breach of which has at all times been so much more conspicuous than the observance.

As little could the Bill of Rights, that ever memorable exemplification and proof of the constant and perpetual insincerity of the ruling few, and of the perfidy of any declarations they can /have/ ever have made of any intention to consult in preference to their own private interest, the universal interest of the subject many.

To cast reproach upon the party over which they were thus triumphing - to cast reproach upon them, and thus withdraw from them /deprive them of/ as far as possible of/ whatever hold or place they had in the affections of the people, this was an object of the string of vague generalities /a part of their design/: this was an object and it was the only positive one, with these men, as highly charged with the spirit of personal ambition as ever men were /as the Tories whom they supplanted, or any other men/.

This did form a part of their design and this part was in no inconsiderable degree accomplished. /received its accomplishment./

JB_127_533.xml

Title: [1818 April 9 Parl. Reform Bill]

Description: 1818 April 9

Parl. Reform Bill

Reasons

III. Electors Who

Vote conferring Qualification

2. Intellectuality

People's sufficiency

Features of Misrule intelligible

12

5

{Honour and Glory is Tyrants and Pirates wickedness vamped up by schoolboys' nonsense: fit /a fit chance for/ subjects to make declamations as, by shallow Lords and affected[?] pedants to whom useful art and science are nothing: Latin and Greek everything: Latin and Greek resorted to for rendering still more and more destructive the at all times too destructive passions, employed in /resorted to/ for pretences and excitements to the antisocial passions.}

In this there is not any thing which any person used to take the amount used note the distinction of profit and loss can find under[?] difficulty of comprehending. By the tradesman or the farmer who has sufficient leisure the result may be communicated to those who are /being either/ on the same level or under him have no such sufficient leisure.

To /In the comprehension of all the/ persons thus situated and circumstanced there will be no difficulty. But to persons in a higher sphere it will be utterly /practicably/ impossible: and the higher the sphere the more certainly impossible. Why? because the higher their sphere, not to speak of inbred idleness and dissipation, the more compleatly and irrecoverably do they /their understandings and their wills/ lie under the dominance of sinister interest and interest-begotten prejudice.

Out of whatsoever is lost as above /every portion of that which as above is loss/ to the subject many a portion of profit is derived to the ruling few.

The more numerous the more extensive the more distant the more extensive the more numerous the more expensive the train of foreign dependencies, the more offices the more money at their disposal in a word the more patronage.

The more wars the more numerous and distant and numerous and warlike the nation we have to go to war with the more money to be employed on the war and thus here too the more patronage. The more money for filling /gorging/ the pockets the ruling few, and the more honour and glory as well for puffing up the pride of the ruling few, as for playing upon the imagination, poisoning the morals and perverting the judgment of the subject many who thus while they are made victims are as far as possible to be made accomplices in that complication of murder, depredation, ravage and tyranny which has just been brought to view.

[Marginal insertion:]

Checked only by justice, in profit and loss may ever be found the only true criterions of the propriety of national expenditure, and in a word of national practice.

If this then be really the true criterion, by is it /is the application/ likely to be best understood or most diligently attended to? By the idle and careless Lord, or Country Gentleman whose pride it is to disdain it, or the industrious /assiduous/ husbandman or tradesman whose means of existence are dependent on it? Unless there is there that should hinder them from comprehending it? what, when once comprehended should hinder them from communicating the result of their inquiry, to those whom, whether above, or upon a level, or below them, either leisure or inclination are wanting, to their making the enquiry for themselves.

167_051.xml

Title: [[clxvii. 51] 1820. July 24.]

Description: [clxvii. 51]

1820. July 24.

Rid Yourselves of Ultramaria

Part 1.

Lett. 6. Rulers gainers

'4. Rulers gainers

'.4. To the ruling few the dominion would be profitable: hence, naturally, the attachment to it.

Spaniards I have shown you that to you the subject many, not only the To the interests of the subject many, considered, as above, in the exercise of such claim to the dominion but the dominion itself would if possessed be in any necessary way, and in the high degree, above indicated be detrimental -, To the particular interests of the ruling few - to the interests of the particular class of men by whom it would be exercised,- I have at the same time admitted the exercise of it would be, in no small degree, benefical, what remains to be shown is - in what several ways the benefit to that class would encrease in proportion to the burthen upon yours beneficial: and the more so, the more highly detrimental to the /Hence you see what ways: [...?] that the greater the detriment to the/ interests of the subject many. It would make a correspondent addition to the stock of external instruments of felicity at their disposal: of those objects of general desire, in all their several shapes - money, money's worth, power, factitious dignity; provision for self, for dependents, for connections.

True it may be, that if in the article of actual felicity, the profit to the ruling few, were equal in quantity to the loss of the subject many, nothing would be to be said against this dominion, or the sacrifices so unavoidably resulting from it.

But, in the article of actual felicity, the inequality, and the loss that results from it to the universal interest - to that all comprehensive interest, which is composed of the interests of both parties - is, in all such cases, enormous.

Not to speak of the misery - the positive misery - produced by actual war - behold three causes, by the conjunct operation of which, the inequality, with the loss attendant on it, is produced.

1. Of the whole quantity, of the money expended by the ruling few as such, it is but a comparatively small part, that, even upon the most predatory plan of management, can be applied to their own use, in augmentation of their own felicity: namely, that part alone, which is composed of official emolument, and extra mercantile profit (a) upon stores furnished.

2. So limited is the capacity for actual

felicity in the human frame, it may be a question whether, into any human breast, by a mass of the external instruments of felicity, in all possible shapes, and to the utmost possible amount, it be possible that a quantity of actual felicity can be condensed, equal to so much as the double of the average quantity enjoyed by an individual of the day labouring class, whose

Note.

(a.) I say extra mercantile profit. For on whatever sort of subject capital were thus employed, ordinary mercantile profit would equally be made, were the capital employed - not upon these but other articles.