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1818 July 28 +. '.2.
Reasons
'.2. Electors Who
'.3. [...?] [...?]
Universality
Reading
Objection Complication[?]
Reading better than hearing.
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{4. No ideas can be fixt by one discourse without reading
6. Complication new: viz. in the mode /form/ of law proposed.
7. Nicks verse - evasion practicable in that case - not in this
9. Establishment without instruction: instruction without establishment. And where are Establishment Waste [...?]}
{Against the admission this proposed qualification I have had occasion to observe symptoms of reluctance: my endeavours to collect specific grounds for this reluctance have not been very successful.}
Objection Respecting the appropriate aptitude of a proposed {member} /voter/ all you insist upon it has been said to me as a derivative judgment. But on this subject a judgment of this sort is not incapable of being formed on the ground of conversation alone and without reading. The conclusion is - reading /the faculty/ is not necessary.
Answer. True it is that, in a certain way to form in relation to the subject in question a judgment of the derivative kind, on the ground of conversation alone and without reading, is not impossible. For a further concession, add, no nor even a self-formed Judgement. But he whose means are in relation to both /these modes /sources/ of/ judgments confined to conversation alone, is he in respect of appropriate aptitude altogether upon a par with him who is in possession of both? No, surely: if not then so it /the conclusion/ is that by this observation no sufficient argument against the qualification in question is opposed: opposed, or can be unless from the requisition of this qualification some specific evil can be shown to be produced: some specific evil, and that, in relation to the benefits, collateral as well as direct, attached to this same qualification /endowment/, a preponderant one.
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Title: [1818 March 28 Parl. Ref. Bill]Description: 1818 March 28 Parl. Ref. Bill Reasons {III} Electors - Who Reading Qualification Reason 3 3 True it is that even as in this respect matters stand at present so it is, that taking into account the distinction between self-formed judgment and derived or derivative judgment, even the least informed among the people are not wholly debarred from the means of forming in relation to the matters in question a sort of judgment not altogether inapplicable to the purpose: a sort of judgment such, as doth not in respect of the quantity and degree of [...?] to which it stands exposed, present against plan for [...?] in a set of hands which in so large a proportion can under the description the power here proposed as /so/ strong an objection in relation to the hands in /by/ which the power of government are /is/ at present lodged /exercised/ is formed by that sinister interest to the ache[?] of which they stand exposed, by that sinister interest of the operation of which as it ever has so in the nature of man it never can fail to have for its effect the succession[?] - the all-[...?] and continent [...?] of the universal interest to that particular and sinister interest.
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Title: [[Copyist's hand] 1818 July 28]Description: [Copyist's hand] 1818 July 28 Parl Reform Bill Reasons II. Electors Who Universality Reading Objection Complication Reading better than hearing. 2 2 To the forming of a judgement of any kind by reading and thence from written discourse nothing more is necessary than the temporary possession of the paper in which it is contained. To the forming of any such judgment from conversation it is not easy to say that a multitude of conditions must have been fulfilled. 1. The learner must have been able to find and have found accordingly time sufficient for the receiving instruction in this shape: 2. He must have been fortunate enough to have within his reach a person not only competent in respect of talent to afford Instruction but in respect of other requisites able as well as willing to afford it. By each man who is at once able and willing to receive this instruction how is such Instructor to be found? Are men thus created and preserved in pairs? Unless they are then in order to obtain any such Instruction, each man must be all along Member of a Society more or less numerous instituted and kept up for this purpose. This Society where shall it meet? Among the Lower Orders viz. in the great bulk of the population several circumstances concurr in preventing each man from receiving others in any such competent number at his own home: In no instance the apartment large enough: few instances the apartment such as it is sufficiently free from disturbance from Children and the various domestic arrangements: the dwellings, such as they are too remote from each other to admit of such {Ministers} /meeting/ the time that might have been employed in reading the whole perhaps of each man's thus disposable time and more will thus if meeting be necessary consumed in Journeys.
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Title: [1818 July 28 Parl Reform Bill]Description: 1818 July 28 Parl Reform Bill Reasons II. Electors Who Universality Reading Objection Complication Reading better than hearing. 4 Meantime, the sort of instruction thus obtainable /derived/ from conversation - what is it? From conversation in such societies? In comparison of that which from reading would by men of that same description in every other respect be obtainable. Take the worst that could be obtained from reading - compare /it/ with it the best that with any probability not to say that by any possibility be obtained from conversation, what a difference! how prodigious and palpable the inferiority in this latter case! In the case of printed discourse, strong indeed are the interests the motive by which a man is restrained from the utterance of matter /all discourse/ that does not afford a /very considerable/ prospect more or less considerable of being found fraught if not with grave instruction at any rate with matter which in some shape or other on some account or other, is /shall prove/ more or less interesting. the expence of publishing is a /operates a/ penalty against all worthless publications: a penalty and that but the more efficacious, for the not needing or admitting the hand of law to be employed in laying it. Bad /Insipid/ indeed must the matter of that pamphlet or flying sheet be which does not contain in it more useful instruction than on the same topic fresher[?] of the field of thought[?] and action would not if got by head afford more instruction than in nine and forty out of fifty such societies would be afforded by a quantity of discourse of the same length thought /composed/ as well as spoken extempore.
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