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[Copyist's hand]
1818 July 28
Parl Reform Bill
Reasons
II. Electors Who
Universality
Reading
Objection Complication
Reading better than hearing.
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2 To the forming of a judgement of any kind by reading and thence from written discourse nothing more is necessary than the temporary possession of the paper in which it is contained. To the forming of any such judgment from conversation it is not easy to say that a multitude of conditions must have been fulfilled. 1. The learner must have been able to find and have found accordingly time sufficient for the receiving instruction in this shape: 2. He must have been fortunate enough to have within his reach a person not only competent in respect of talent to afford Instruction but in respect of other requisites able as well as willing to afford it.
By each man who is at once able and willing to receive this instruction how is such Instructor to be found? Are men thus created and preserved in pairs? Unless they are then in order to obtain any such Instruction, each man must be all along Member of a Society more or less numerous instituted and kept up for this purpose. This Society where shall it meet? Among the Lower Orders viz. in the great bulk of the population several circumstances concurr in preventing each man from receiving others in any such competent number at his own home: In no instance the apartment large enough: few instances the apartment such as it is sufficiently free from disturbance from Children and the various domestic arrangements: the dwellings, such as they are too remote from each other to admit of such {Ministers} /meeting/ the time that might have been employed in reading the whole perhaps of each man's thus disposable time and more will thus if meeting be necessary consumed in Journeys.
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Title: [1820. Octr 19 Spanish liberticide measures]Description: 1820. Octr 19 Spanish liberticide measures 15 Letter 2. Public Discussion 15 To the keeping up this disposition to eventual resistance partly by instruction partly by excitation, the unrestrained communication of all ideas belonging to the field of government is necessary. It is therefore the characteristic of an undespotic government to give not only toleration but favour to such unrestrained communication: and this with a view not only to instruction but excitation: for without correspondent excitation all the instruction imaginable would not be productive of any effect. Instruction applies to the understanding; excitation to the will: both must be in a suitable state or no effect can be produced. In /Of/ popular meetings various sorts or modifications might in this view be distinguished: instruction and excitation can not in any case be altogether separated: of every such meeting it is the tendency to be in some degree or other conducive /contributory/ to both those effects: some however are in a greater degree /more particularly/ conducive to the one of these two instruments of political security, others to the other. A meeting in an open space /and unlimited space such as an unenclosed field/ is more particularly conducive /suitable/ to excitation than to instruction: a meeting within a limited space such as a room public or private is more conducive /suitable/ to instruction than to excitation. A meeting open to all /once for all/ without distinction, or even to all who at each time pay a small sum for admittance, is more suitable to the purpose of excitation than to that of instruction: a meeting held as one of a fixt and permanent series of meetings is more suitable to the purpose of instruction than excitation. A select meeting or meeting of a Society with which in addition to those by whom it was first formed none are admitted but by election is more suitable to the purpose of instruction than of excitation: in regard to excitation it is more suitable to the purpose of maintaining a constant and ordinary degree, than any such extraordinary degree as on extraordinary occasions may become necessary to the proposed end.
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Title: [1818 July 30 Parl. Reform Bill]Description: 1818 July 30 Parl. Reform Bill Reasons II. Electors who Universality Reading Reading better than hearing The faculty of reading is not itself instruction. True: but it is the indispensable key to instruction: and by /with/ it, with the exception of such things as are no otherwise perceptible than by sense, he /it depends upon himself to/ acquires from time to time /acquires/ whatsoever in the way of instruction, he chooses /it pleases him/ to acquire. The key of the money chest is not itself money: but with it, and by it, a man /he/ who has it he and he alone, gets out of it at any time, whatsoever he desires to have of its contents. It is not in every shape that instruction can /Instruction can not in every shape/ be acquired. It can not be thus acquired in that objector &c without inspection of visible /tangible/ objects He can learn to distinguish plant from plant, mineral from mineral, disease from disease: But in /of the whole field of/ the art and science in question - in the art and science of government, there is not a particle of instruction to the communication of which this instrument is not compleatly competent.
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Title: [[Copyist's hand] 1818 July 28]Description: [Copyist's hand] 1818 July 28 Parl Reform Bill Reasons II. Electors Who Universality Reading Objection Complication Reading better than hearing. 3 By means of a common Club Room some of the above obstacles might either be removed or lessened - But now observe the consequence. Habitual drinking is thus made necessary to habitual instruction, habitual drinking and with it habitual expence. 2 d is the least expence by which any man could enable himself to derive the Instruction, such as it is, which in this way can be derived; 2 d. for such Instruction as can in this way be derived say in the course of two hours. But for this 2 d. even tho' it were employed in the way of purchase and not of hire each man might for the purpose of reading by himself have obtained in a quantity beyond comparison greater than in this conversation mode and that in a form in which he would have it in his power to refresh his Memory as often as he wished during the remainder of his life. In the course of these two hours, in the way of conversation number of the club say 12 here are 12 two penny worths of Liquor all consumed at the same time and in this same time the conversation such as it is how much of it remembered and profited by. By these 12 two pences employed in the purchase of materials for reason 12 such papers might have been purchased each of them thus continuing for ever in a state capable of being used.
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