[Copyist's hand]

1818 July 30

Parl. Ref Bill

Reasons

II. Electors who

Universality

Property bad qualification

Reading better

11

9

11

11

So much as to appropriate probity - now as to appropriate intellectual aptitude.

That reading goes to this point and that in the most direct /immediate/ way is altogether Manifest. That if at all it is only in an unimmediate way that property tends to this same point is equally manifest.

So likewise to Householdership this same observation will be seen to apply with equal truth.

So likewise to payment of Taxes.

What is more, only through the medium of reading can the tendency on question exert itself in the instance of any one of those supposed securities for appropriate intellectual aptitude.
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    and that, unless the quantity required be so small the supposed security compleatly nugatory, that no more than a very small part of this whole number can ever be in possession of it is altogether certain.

    Apply this argument to the case of Householdership though quantities may be more or less different, the conclusion will be the same.

    So likewise in the case of qualification by payment of taxes: meaning always direct Taxes without which nothing is meant. If this qualification does not exactly coincide with that of Householdership the operation of it will be to give a still further extension to the operation of a cause, by which the content of the right is narrowed. Such will be the effect in so far as they are persons, who, though they are Householders pay nothing to the direct Taxes.
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    Now as to Householdership. In this we have another continuance /supposed security/ perhaps against universal spoliation perhaps against appropriate inaptitude on the part of Electors and thence on the part of Members or ag st both.

    In this too we have perhaps another contrivance for laying holding of property. Compared with payment of Taxes it has Moreover the advantage of not placing the right of voting under so compleat a dependence on those who can never look at it for any other purpose than that of destroying it or producing a misuse of it.

    But whichever and whatever be the design, its inefficiency with reference to that design is not less flagrant, nor less undeniable, in this than in those other cases. If it be independence that is the object, it excludes opulence to almost any degree while it fails of excluding indigence. If it be intellectual aptitude that is the object, it excludes intellectual aptitude to any degree, while it fails of excluding intellectual inaptitude.
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    Independently of personal hostility mere difference of opinion especially when manifested in presence suffices to generate heat surmounting the degree marked temperate: {from heat comes want of candour:} by extra-heat candour in a greater or less proportion scarce ever fails of being dissipated: candour, and with it sincerity in other shapes; {for of the various shapes in which it may be seen to clothe itself want of candour is one.}