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1818 March 28
Parl. Ref. Bill
Reasons
III Electors Who
Reading Qualification
Reasons
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But on this as on most political questions, certainties not being within his grasp, man is reduced /subjected/ to the necessity of acting upon probabilities: upon ground of no firmer texture. How /And/ so it is that when for securing the attainment and possession of the great and good government all the means of security that are at the time in question within reach have actually been provided, still, so long as any ulterior ones[?] can be indicated which though not at present /as yet/ within reach afford a pretence of being by appropriate exertions sooner or later brought within reach, still so long as any hope of this hand[?], precedence the undeniable dictates /[...?]/ of precedence, press /urge/ with considerable force the necessity of calling forth their exertions.
Now as to the existence of the advantages which in this respect a man who possesses the faculty or reading possesses over him who is not in possession of that important faculty - of the existence or of the vast magnitude of these advantages surely no reasonable doubt can ever be entertained {by any man}. A derived judgment, yes: but that sort of judgment, makeshift as it is, be allowed to suffice, suffice without the addition of a self-formed one.. Still in respect of the formation though it be of nothing better than a derived judgment how prodigious is the advantage which the reading man has over him who is unable to read! Within the reach of the reading man lie the very best means of information which the whole [...?] affords: within the reach of the non-reading man lie no other sources of information than what the conversation of a set of men whose means of information are /will for the most part/ as to all matters of detail not much more correct or ample than his own.
That which by such means may have been placed within his reach is information of the general character /reputation/ possessed already in relation to the several points of appropriate aptitude, by the respective Candidates. That which by these same means can not be placed within his reach is after the Candidate of desire has borne his part in the management of the public business, the propriety /aptitude/, absolute and comparative, of the part acted for him in relation to the several particular questions that have come under his cognizance. /[...?] measures in relation to which he has had to operate./
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Title: [1818 March 28 Parl. Ref. Bill]Description: 1818 March 28 Parl. Ref. Bill Reasons III Electors. Who Reading Qualification Reasons 5 5 Books in any number, so he have had but money enough to buy or credit to borrow them to come at all times, he can at every moment have at his command: of men competent to the giving him appropriate information, it is only by accident, at intervals more or less long and for and during portions of time at the utmost not long, that he can in any sense to any such [...?] he can have at his command. Between the man who can read and the man who can not read the difference is that between man in a civilized and man in a savage /savage/ state. To say in this country that in respect of the matters in question, the man who can not read is in the same state or in no better a state than the savage being in a country in which there are none /no man/ but savages such as himself would not be true. For Why? because in this country means of information means of fixing a derived judgment by converse with men who can and do read not altogether without his reach ever in the practice of having recourse to him foreign to his habits: still however, [...?] [...?] that ever precarious faculty his condition is scarcely in this respect better than that of a savage. Apply for example these observations for example, in so unhappily considerable a proportion to the inhabitants of Ireland, and even of Wales.
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Title: [1818 March 28 Parl. Ref. Bill]Description: 1818 March 28 Parl. Ref. Bill Reasons {III} Electors - Who Reading Qualification Reason 3 3 True it is that even as in this respect matters stand at present so it is, that taking into account the distinction between self-formed judgment and derived or derivative judgment, even the least informed among the people are not wholly debarred from the means of forming in relation to the matters in question a sort of judgment not altogether inapplicable to the purpose: a sort of judgment such, as doth not in respect of the quantity and degree of [...?] to which it stands exposed, present against plan for [...?] in a set of hands which in so large a proportion can under the description the power here proposed as /so/ strong an objection in relation to the hands in /by/ which the power of government are /is/ at present lodged /exercised/ is formed by that sinister interest to the ache[?] of which they stand exposed, by that sinister interest of the operation of which as it ever has so in the nature of man it never can fail to have for its effect the succession[?] - the all-[...?] and continent [...?] of the universal interest to that particular and sinister interest.
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Title: [1818 March 29 Parl. Ref. Bill]Description: 1818 March 29 Parl. Ref. Bill Reasons II. Electors Who 7 7 Deplorable indeed would be the inconsistency, if in the eyes of any parliamentary man whose strength is in his eloquence, the idea of a reading people - not to speak of aversion - should be an object even of indifference. On what ground could he place /build/ his objection? 1. Is it that in this case intellectual aptitude is an object of indifference? 2. Is it that by these means of appropriate information which nothing but the faculty of reading can lay open to him the degree /question/ of appropriate aptitude which he is capable of acquiring is lessened? 3 Whatsoever may be the impressiveness of his eloquence, is it in the House that, as matters stand at present he can entertain any so much as the faintest hope of making any such impression as he would wish? 4 Though to the House in form, is it not to the people - to the people alone in design and hoped for effect that what on any subject on the present is ever said by him is addressed? 5 Except by speeches spoken or said to be spoken by him in the House or if not else by books and pamphlets written by him, has he any means of conveying /communicating/ to the great body of the people on /in relation to/ this or any other subject his opinions or his wishes his wishes his opinions or his arguments /reasons/? 6. The extent of the communications which in this way it may thus be his desire to make is it not diminished by every diminution, encreased by every encrease, in the number of the persons capable of reading what it has been thought good by him to speak or write?
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