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1818 July 5 + '.2
Parl. Ref. Bill
Reasons
'.2 Electors Who
Universality
People after them rulers
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howl[?] upon paper wild and visionary anarchy and destruction of property.
If in this case appropriate aptitude be admitted in the character of an efficient cause of title.
If in regard to this right /the franchise here in question/ the efficient cause of title be considered as constituted by /consisting/ in the possession of a certain degree of appropriate aptitude - of appropriate aptitude caused /taken/ in all its three point taken together, and any incurable deficiency in respect of any one of them as a sufficient cause for exclusion, the title of the lowest /least opulent/ classes to admission will be found /seen/ to stand upon much firmer ground than that of the highest /most opulent/: in respect of exclusion in either case there were any well-grounded plea in favour /support/ of it, the case of most opulent /highest/ is that in which it would be seen to stand upon much firmer /stronger/ ground than in the case of the lowest.
Of the three elements of appropriate aptitude viz. appropriate probity, appropriate intellectual aptitude, and appropriate active talent + it is the first that is beyond comparison the most important. Why? even because if this be wanting /if in this there be a deficiency/ if in the breast in question this primary quality /element/ be wanting, the result is that by any abundance of the two other elements in the same subject, the mischief so far from being compensated and lessened, is encreased.
+ Observe in a note that against this nomenclature no direct objection has ever been [...?]: only indirect accusations about style &c.
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Title: [1818 July 5 Parl. Ref. Bill]Description: 1818 July 5 Parl. Ref. Bill Reasons II. Electors Who Universality People after them rulers 5 37 Add. 7 Aug[?] 18. Appropriate /necessary/ instruction lies within a very narrow compass. Then this. In this state of things With what colours[?] of reason by the ruling supporters of the system of non-Reform can any deficiency in the element of appropriate intellectual aptitude on the part of the bulk of the people be alledged in support of the exclusionary system? {In any direct way nothing is more notorious nothing more condemnable, any encrease in respect of this /this article/.} By any direct proof no superiority in respect of this element /article/ of appropriate aptitude is so much as attempted or professed to be proved: of its existence in this instance no direct evidence is ever attempted to be produced. Yet evidence of a certain sort is not only produced but most confidently relied on. And this sort of evidence what is it? circumstantial evidence mere circumstantial evidence - and that of a [...?] weak and inconclusive as can easily be conceived. This evidence of what is the matter of it composed? Of the matter of wealth /opulence/. In the matter of wealth they behold the grand efficient cause of the only two elements of appropriate aptitude that come here in question, viz. appropriate probity and appropriate intellectual aptitude. In their account /reasoning/ this pretious matter is the pretended efficient cause and the real substitute for every thing that can be desired. Exactly in proportion to the quantity of money or money's worth that a man has contrived to get into possession of is he not only the better man, but the wiser.
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Title: [[Marginal summary sheet[?]] [Mainly]Description: [Marginal summary sheet[?]] [Mainly in copyist’s hand] 10 Jan. y 1817 Necessity Cat 1 Theory §.2. Elements of Aptitude 4 2 §.2. Elements of Aptitude {8*} 12 Quest. 12. For the elements of aptitude a test of aptitude for the forms of Government? Ans: Yes: one test 9 13 Q:13: Does the nature of the case afford any other? - Ans: Yes: a practical; that but a theoretical one - 14 Q:141. A theoretical, what? Ans: Test derived from observation by the acts of all men in private as well as public life: such the will by which probity & or the opposites are exhibited. 15 Q:15 2. Practical what? - Ans: List of grievances under the several governments: add 3. Applicable /tion/ of theoretical list to practical shewing < > by what deficiencies in this claims what grievances have been produced - 16. Q 16: Grievances alone. Evil, all noted in the account? - Good not in any shape? §.2. Elements of aptitude. Ans: For judgment of approbation or disapprobation, yes: But for conception & arrangement < > cause in to place all to the < > of evil: of god that might have been produced non production is evil: these are grievances: End being maximization of happiness, suppose that by deficiency in any of the elements producible good is not produced, non-productive of good will be belong to the account of grievance. 17 Q:17: Property is it not commonly spoken of as one of these elements? and thus otherwise giving title to a share in government? - Ans: Title not good if the above are all and thus not included in any - 18 Q 18: Property then has it any thing to do with efficial aptitude? - Ans: supposing all these to exist, property or property matter of indifference - But to each of these some portion of property either present or past can not but be necessary or conducive - §.2. Elements of Aptitude 7 continued It being < > by experience that intellectual aptitude and active talent may exist in the highest degree without any personal property, only in the character of a security for probity is it that personal property is so much insisted upon - 15. Q:19 Not being this itself an element how causes it in the last? A: Suppose a man destitute of all, and conscious of being so, or thought to be so yet ambitious of power and possessed of property natural that he should < > the importance of this endowment Principally to the representative part of the British Government does the importance attached to it applies: of this by and by -
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Title: [1819 Sept. 27 Parl. Reform Bill.]Description: 1819 Sept. 27 Parl. Reform Bill. Explanations §.3. Eligible who. Title of the Section 2 2 3. Evil of complication: thence of 1. of the place occupied in the body of laws[?] by the exclusionary arrangements: 2. of the litigation, with the delay, vexation and expence attached to that always disastrous though to so large an extent inevitable process. In the character of causes of exclusion a number of circumstances (suppose) are established. A person to whom this or that one of those causes is supposed to apply, is elected. Here then is an Election which, supposing the existence of the cause in question duly proved becomes null: either the seat remains unfilled or a fresh Election must ensue: a fresh Election with its delay, vexation and expence. Of /As to/ the hardship to the individual, the quantity of it will of course be the greater, the greater the number of those who /to whom/ but for the exclusion, the situation might have been an object of desire and eventual expectation. As to the loss to the community it will be in proportion to the superiority of aptitude /appropriate aptitude in all its elements/ on the part of the person excluded when compared with that of all other persons by whom but for the exclusion the situation might have been filled. In the instance of several of the undermentioned supposable causes of exclusion the two first of those evils will /may/, one or other, or both of them, be seen /found/ to be of little moment. But in proportion as it has place the remaining evil – that of litigation, will in every case be a most serious one. Not only under the existing system of technical procedure but incidentally even under the best system of natural procedure + that could be devised, under the here proposed system of annuality the delay might be so protracted, that if by the Returning Officer, the return of a proposed Member were to be refused, a Member who ought to have been elected might during the whole or the greater part of his term be kept wrongfully out of his seat: and the business of the nation in the House might receive an incalculable prejudice, proportioned to the aptitude and number of the Members thus kept out. + For the difference between technical and natural procedure, and the evils attached attached to the technical – see Scotch Reform Letter I
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