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1818 Oct. 4.
Parl. Reform Bill
VI
Reasons 3.
'.2 Electors Who
Universality
Aptitude is comparative
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7
{ Employed in 4 b
14. In the hands of the Commons House resides /is placed/ actually no more than a part of the aggregate power of the whole Government. But in this same body, and even {by the acknowledgement, and} with the consent, and thence by the virtual acknowledgement, of the two other branches of the government + {to wit the Monarch and the House of Lords the concurrence and cooperation of the people being supposed, resides potentially the whole of that same power.
Employed in 4 o c[?]
15. In the hands of the aggregate body of the Commons House Electors, whosoever they be is placed accordingly the determination of the hands, by which from time to time, the exercise of that same actually no more than fractional part, but potentially the entire mass of that same aggregate power shall be exercised, and thence, and in so far, the faculty of giving direction to the exercise of that same aggregate power.
Correspondent and proportionate to this power in /the power of/ the aggregate body of those Representatives is and will under every system be the aggregate power of these Electors.}
VII /16/. By Electors must on this occasion, and to this purpose be understood - not those who are such only in form and name, but those who without either the form or the name are so in effect: to wit under the existing system, the proprietors of seats /seat-owners/ and all those by whose influence, of that sort which is /understand that influence/ exercised by will on will, the votes of those persons who are Electors in form and name, are in respect of the several seats determined.
Draughtsman's Note
+ See Stat. 40 G.3. c. Irish Union Act.? or Land Tax Redemption Act.
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Title: [1818 Oct 7 Parl. Reform Plan]Description: 1818 Oct 7 Parl. Reform Plan XI Reasons 3 o or 4 o '.2. Electors Who Universality XI Objection, this is democracy 2 2 Thus[?], so would it be: but the effect, instead of being right, would be clear[?] of the new existing[?] abuses to great [...?] use it & have [...?] But though potentially and hypothetically and even potentially as above, under the proposed system of universal suffrage, the whole power of the government would then be in the hands of {the whole body of the people say} the virtually universal suffrage even[?] yet actually it would not be so. Potentially the whole power is in the hands of the House of Commons: thence in the hands of those by whose will the conduct of the House of Commons is at present habitually directed: Potentially yes: but /yet/ actually no. Potentially in the King of France and the existing system is a despotism as poor[?] as in Turkey: But not actually. So in other European Monarchies. In /Under/ the existing state of things, this power of changing the form of Government is not exercised by those who possess it. exercised. More is it likely to be: means and interests both are wanting. In any attempt to exercise it, by the existing so called Representatives, being but sham representatives, no assistance would be afforded by the body of the people their pretended Constituents - the body of the people. Why /Nothi/ /How should they/? because by the people nothing would be gained by such a change. From the existing howsoever inadequately checked yet in a small degree checked Monarchy, the change would be as under the Rump parliament into an aristocracy without any check to it. For: for want of /not possessing/ the power either of choosing or of changing or of choosing the majority of these pretended Representatives, no regular check on the conduct of these same Representatives would they have.
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Title: [1819 Aug. 28 Defence against Ed. Review]Description: 1819 Aug. 28 Defence against Ed. Review Beginning 5 Of the power of the ruling few that part which is in the hands of the King is in the hands of the possessors of Seals: of seals in the two Houses of Parliament: more especially of the House of Commons in which resides the principal share of the power, the deficiency in power being made up in the other House by dignity, and that together with the power hereditary: and among the possessors of seats in the House of Commons a great number perhaps the greater being Members of the House of Lords, hence of the aggregate power the greatest proportion is at all times in the Members of the House of Lords, and thus it is by that division /portion/ of the ruling few whose interest interest is most constantly and permanently opposite to that of the subject many that the lot of those over whom the power is exercised is determined. To the seats, as such, no immediate pecuniary profit is in either House attached: on the contrary in the House of Commons, in so far as those seats are in reality what in shew and formal discourse they all are, open to competition, the acquisition of them is loaded /burthened/ with considerable expence: the price current, setting aside casual causes of abatement, £1,000 a year: or £5,000 once paid for the seven possible years, reduced by casualties to about five. But it is by means of the power conferred by the unlucrative offices called seats, that the other offices called offices are obtained: and those offices are almost all lucrative: some of them to a degree unknown even in absolute Monarchies: and of these offices, though some can not, the most lucrative may and of course are held by the possessors of seats: and all the rest are as above potentially at the disposal of the Monarch, actually disposed of by him or the possessors of seats, as they can respectively agree.
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Title: [1818 Oct. 7 Parl. Reform Bill]Description: 1818 Oct. 7 Parl. Reform Bill + XI Reasons 3 o or 4 o '.2. Electors Who '. Universality XI Objection, this is democracy 1 3 XI. Objection - On this plan the Constitution would be democratised. Answer. * By virtually universal suffrage in the hands of the people the force of the Government would not be altered. * It may be said, {and not without truth} that the whole power of the government is virtually in the hands of the Commons House: and that therefore if the power of choosing the Members of that House were in the hands of the whole body of the people or of a body having no other than the same interests the whole power of the government would thus be virtually in the hand of the whole body of the people: and the government instead of a limited Monarchy would be a Representative Democracy. In this case, the antecedent does not seem capable of being denied. For by annexing conditions to their determination, those on whose determination it at all times depends, whether money is sufficient quantity for keeping the powers of government alive and in action shall come into the hands by which it will be applied to that purpose, are potentially virtually in possession of that power: since at any time by the refusal of the supplies necessary for that purpose, it rests with them to dissolve the government, and supposing the people to concurr with them, to set up another in its stead: and under the existing system in the hands of the House of Commons the /their/ power of thus dissolving the government has by recent provisions /statutes/ been preserved: and the power they thus possess they possess will by the consent, and thence by the virtual acknowledgement of the two other branches of the Government - the Monarch and the House of Lords. + + See Stat. < > Irish Union Act and Land Tax and Malt Tax Redemption Acts.
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