JB_107_048_003.xml

Title: [Value of the Labour of the Manufact g Poor]

Description: Value of the Labour of the Manufact g Poor in A House of

Industry for one Week ending 3 rd May 1788

Spun 16lb of Woolen yarn ----- 1/2 ....... 0..18..8

20 d o ....... 1/- ...... 1..0..0

13 d o ....... 10 d ........ 10..10

32 d o ......... 8 d ........ 1..1..4

28 ... d o ...... 6 ..... 14..0

101 -- d o....... 4 d ........ 1..13..8

Warping 5 pieces 2/- ..... .. 10..0

Weav g 105yds flan l ------ 15..0

7..3..6

Expen s Superint d of Weav s Spin rs &c a Week - 0..10..0

Woman do for Spinners ---- 3

Gratuities to Scriblers Carders. Slubbers}

Spin rs Weavers &c &c ........... 1..18..6

2-11-6

4..12..0

Ab t 25lb of Hemp Spun a Week ---- 5 ------ 10-5

Gratuities .............. 1-8 1/2 0..8..6 1/2

Knott g & foot g ab t 24 Pair of Stock gs -- 3 --- 6-0

Gratuities ----------- 1-0 5..0

Spin g 10lb of Hinds 1 1/2 1-3

Gratuities ------- 6 0..9

Taylors mak g & Mend g Cloaths a Week

Thee of them on the lowest estimation 2/6 } ---- 7-6

Gratuities ----------- 1-1 6..5

Leather Breeches maker d o 2-6

Gratuity ---------- 5 .. 2..1

Shoem ns mend g. for the House Makt. }

new for d o and for Town Shops &c --- 1..2..10

Gratuities -------------- 4..3 0..18..6 1/2

Adults & old infirm Poor

This might be call d clear gain by the Labour of 45 }

with 98 Children from 6 to 13 Years old ------ 6-13-4

JB_128_307.xml

Title: [[Hand of John Colls?; marginal headings in]

Description: [Hand of John Colls?; marginal headings in Bentham’s hand]

nd [wm 1816]

Extracts from Kings Speeches in support of Resolution 2.

Will. m 3. – Parliamentary History Vol. 5

[marginal heading:] { 4* Interest}

pages. 708. 709. – 4. Nov. r 1692. I am sure

I can have no interest but what is yours; we have the same religion to

defend: and you cannot be more concerned for the preservation of your liberties

& properties than I am that you should always remain in the full possession

of them; for I have no aim but to make you a happy people.

page 964 – 22 Nov r. 1695. It is with great satisfaction I meet

you here this day; being assured of a good disposition in my parliament when I have

had so full proofs of the affection of my people by their behaviour during my absence

and at my return.

*. My Lords I have had such an experience of your good

affections; and I have such an entire satisfaction in the choice which my people have

made of you Gentlemen of the house of commons; that &c

[marginal heading:] { 4** Interest}

page 965 – Same day Answer to the Commons. I heartily thank you

for the marks you give me of your affection. Our interests are inseparable, and

there is nothing I wish so much as the happiness of this country where God has

placed me.

[marginal heading:] { 5 Interest non separable}

{ page 1166. 3. Dec. r 1697. That which I

most delight to think of, and am best pleased to own is that I have all the proofs

of my people’s affection that a prince can desire; and I take this occasion to

give them the most solemn assurance that as I never had, so I never will nor can

have any interest separate from theirs}

Anne – Parl. Hist. Vol. 6.

[marginal heading:] { 6 Interest}

p. 46. 47. 21. Oct. r 1702. My interests

& yours are inseparable and my endeavours shall never be wanting to make

you all safe and happy.

[marginal heading:] { 7

Interest}

p. 358. 359. 29 Oct. r 1704. I look upon this

good beginning to be so sure a pledge of your affections for my service &

for our common interest that

&c

p. 928. 27 Nov. r 1710. I have by calling this Parliament made

appear the confidence I place in the duty and affection of my subjects

p. 1033. 12. June 1711. The satisfaction I take in the power with which God has

entrusted me is to employ it for the protection & good of all my people

&c.

[marginal heading:] { 

? 8 Interests}

{ p. 1172. 9 April 1713. Those who would make a merit by

separating our interests will never attain their ill ends

[marginal heading:] True representatives

p. 1236. 16 July 1713. You have shewed yourselves the true

representatives of my loyal commons by the just regard you have paid to the good

of your Country & my honor. }

Geo. I. – Parl. y Hist. Vol. 7.

[marginal heading:] Trust 3 Peoples happiness his sole object

{ p. 46. 23 March. 1715 – Answer to Lords. Your duty & loyalty to me can

never be better expressed than by shewing a just concern for the reputation &

interest of the nation, since I have no other thought or view

but to promote the prosperity & happiness of my people. –

[marginal heading:] 4 People’s[?] reply[?]

p.111 – 20 July. 1715. I shall look upon the provision you shall

make for the safety of my people as the best mark of your affection to me }

[marginal heading:] Peoples happiness sole view

{ p. 396 – 20 Feb. 1717. I have an entire confidence in you & have therefore

nothing to ask but that you would take such measures as will best secure your

religion and liberties: while you preserve those inestimable

blessings, I shall sit easy & safe on my throne having no other view but

the happiness & prosperity of my people.

p. 448. 6 May 1717. For my own part as I shall always place my greatness in the

prosperity of my subjects so I shall always desire that my power may be founded in

their affections

[marginal heading:] 

Peoples interest is King’s

p. 503. 21 Nov. r 1717. It is your interest

for which reason I think it mine that my endeavours &c should take

effect.

p. 604 23 Nov. r 1719. All I have to ask of you is that you would

agree to be a great & flourishing people since it is the only means by which

I desire to become a happy King.

[marginal heading:] Freedom 1 Peoples freedom his object

p. 601. – 18 April 1719. I have always looked upon the glory of

a sovereign and the liberty of the subject as inseparable; and think it is the

peculiar happiness of a British King to reign over a free people.}

{ Parl: Hist: Vol. 8.

p. 27. – 11. Oct. r 1722. Your own interest & welfare call

upon you to defend yourselves. I shall wholly rely upon the divine protection the

support of my parliament and the affections of my people &c.

[marginal note:] Freedom 2 Freedom & wealth the effects of

liberty

p. 375. – 9. Jan. y 1724 – I am fully satisfied that the trade & wealth of my people are the happy effects of the liberties they enjoy and that the grandeur of

the Crown consists in their prosperity;

. Let us therefore heartily join in every

thing that may tend to promote our mutual happiness &c }

{Geo: II. Same Volume.

[marginal heading:] Peoples affection the object

p. 595 – 27 June 1727. I heartily wish that this first solemn declaration of my mind

in Parliament could sufficiently express the sentiments of my heart and give you a

perfect & just sense of my fixed resolution by all possible means to merit

the love & affection of my people; which I shall always look upon as the best

support & security of my Crown.

[marginal heading:] { 10

Peoples interest his object}

p. 766. – 13. Jan.

y

1730 – I desire that the affections of my people may be the

strength of my government as their interest has always been the rule of my actions

& the object of my wishes

[marginal heading:] { 11 Interests inseparable}

p. 866 – 13. Jan. y 1732. – My government has no security but what

is equally conducive to your happiness & to the protection of my people; and

your prosperity has no foundation but in the defence & support of my

government: our safety is mutual, our interests are

inseparable.

Parl. y Hist: Vol. 9. }

[marginal heading:] 3

Sense

of the people the use of Representation

p. 184. 17. Jan.

y

1734 – I am very well pleased that this opportunity offers of

taking again the sense of my people in the choice of a new representative.

{p. 606 – 16 April 1734 – The prosperity & glory of my

reign depend upon the affections & happiness of my people, and the

happiness of my people upon my preserving to them all their legal rights and

privileges as established under the present settlement of the Crown in the

protestant line.

[marginal heading:] { 12 Interests inseparable}

A due execution & strict observance of the laws are the best & only

security both to sovereign & subject; their interest is

mutual & inseparable and therefore their endeavours in support of each

other ought to be equal & reciprocal &c. -

Parl: Hist. Vol. 12. G.2. 21 April 1741.

[marginal heading:] 1

Short

Parliam

t

p. 186. I will immediately give the necessary orders for calling

a new Parliament; There is not any thing I set so high a value upon as the love

& affection of my people; in which I have so intire a confidence that it

is with great satisfaction I see this opportunity put into their hands of giving

me fresh proofs of it in the choice of their representatives }

{ Parl. Hist. Vol. 13.

[marginal heading:] { 13 Interests}

p. 696 – 3 April 1744. I have no interest at heart but yours;

and in that common interest let us all unite.

[marginal heading:] { 14 Interests}

p. 1312 – 17 Oct.

r

1745 – The interest of me & my people is always the

same & inseparable. In this common interest let us all unite

&c.

Parl. Hist. Vol. 14.

[marginal heading:] 2

Short

Parliam

t

4

Sense of

people

p. 94 – 12 Nov.

r

1747 – As one of my principal views in calling this Parliament

was that I might receive the most clear & certain information of the sense

of my people &c

p. 573 – 16 Nov. r 1749 – You may rest assured that I shall always

look upon the true greatness of my crown & the stability of my government as

inseparably united with the happiness & prosperity of my people.

[marginal heading:] { 15 Peoples interests his object}

{p. 1057. – 25 June 1751 – I have nothing to desire of you but effectually to consult

your own true happiness & interest. - }

p. 1272. 26 March 1752. Nothing in this world can give me so much pleasure as to see

you a flourishing & happy people.

Geo: III. Parl: Hist: Vol. 15.

p. 982. – 18 Nov. r 1760 – The peculiar happiness of my life will

ever consist in promoting the welfare of a people whose loyalty & warm

affection to me I consider as the greatest & most permanent security of my

throne.

*. The civil and religious rights of my loving subjects are equally dear

to me with the most valuable prerogatives of my crown &c.

[marginal heading:] { 1 Representation equal & free}

p. 1018. – 19 March 1761. – I do with intire confidence rely on the good dispositions

of my faithful subjects in the choice of their representatives – and I make no doubt

but they will thereby demonstrate the sincerity of those assurances which have been

so cordially & universally given me in the loyal affectionate &

unanimous addresses of my people.

[marginal heading:] 3

Short

Parliam

t

p.1114 – 6 Nov r. 1761 – I am glad to have an opportunity of

receiving the truest information of the sense of my people by a new choice of their

representatives. –

[marginal heading:] Interest

p.1341 – 15 Nov r. 1763 – As the interests and prosperity of my

people are the sole objects of my care; I have only to desire that you will pursue

such measures as are conducive to those ends with despatch and unanimity. –

Parl: Hist: Vol. 16

[marginal heading:] 4

Short

Parliam

t

5 Sense of people

p.466 – 8 Nov r. 1768 – The opportunity which the late general

election gives me of knowing from their representatives in Parliament the more immediate sense of my people has made me desirous

&c

[marginal heading:] { 16 Interest}

p.1032 – 13 Nov r. 1768 – I have no interest,

I can have none distinct from my people.

Parl: Hist: Vol. 17 –

[marginal heading:] { 16* Interest}

p.231. 8 May 1771 – I have no other object I can have no other interest than to reign

in the hearts of a free & happy people &c

. The support of our

excellent constitution is our common duty and interest.

[marginal heading:] { 17 Interest Universality}

p516 – 10 June 1772 – Let it be your constant care

to assure them ( all ranks of my faithful subjects) that I consider their interests as inseparably connected with my own; and that I

am & have ever been persuaded that the prosperity & glory of my reign

must depend on my possessing the affection, & maintaining the happiness of my

people.

[marginal heading:] 18 Peoples Interest commands K

gs

concurrence

p.940 – 13 Jan. y 1774 – You can propose no measures that will

serve either to secure or advance the happiness & prosperity of my people in

which you may not always depend on my most hearty concurrence.

Parl: Hist. Vol 19.

{p.1277 – 3 June 1778. {I have no other wish or object but to deserve the confidence

of my parliament & the affections of my people}

– Vol. 21.

[marginal heading:] 5

Short

Parliament […?] […?]

p.809 – 1 Nov. r 1780 – It is with more than ordinary satisfaction

that I meet you in Parliament at a time when the late elections may afford me an

opportunity of receiving the most certain information of the disposition &

the wishes of my people to which I am always inclined to pay the utmost attention

& regard.

– Vol. 23.

[marginal heading:] […?] […?] […?] ruled for

{p.210 – 5. Dec r. 1782 – It is the fixed object of my heart to

make the general good and the true spirit of the constitution the invariable rule of

my conduct & on all occasions to advance & reward merit in every

profession – To ensure the full advantage of a government

conducted on such principles depends on your temper, your wisdom your

disinterestedness collectively & individually. – My people expect these

qualifications of you; and I call for them. }

– Vol. 24.

[marginal heading:] 6

Short

Parl

5 Sense of people

p.774 – 24 March 1784 – I feel it a duty which I owe to the constitution & to

the country in such a situation to recur as speedily as possible to the sense of my

people by calling a new parliament.

[marginal heading:] { King will always concur}

{p.805 – 19 May 1784. You will find me always desirous to concur with you in such

measures as may be of lasting benefit to my people. I have no wish but to consult

their prosperity by &c.

[marginal heading:] { […?] principle[?] General welfare}

p.1383 – 25 Jan. y 1785 – You may at all times depend on my hearty

concurrence in every measure which can tend to alleviate our national burthens to secure the true principles of the constitution & to

promote the general welfare of my people. }

– Vol 29

[marginal heading:] { 19 Interest}

{p.743. 10 June 1791 – My constant endeavours will be directed

to the pursuit of such measures as may appear to me best calculated to promote the

interests and happiness of my people which are inseparable from my own.}

[Bentham’s hand:]

{30 April 1818. Consulenda and Supplenda.

See Draught p.14.

1. King’s Speech 24 March 1784: viz. to see whether any more particular account of

the[?] their[?] state of things will be of use.

2. Draught page 17. Commons Resolution 6 April 1780, for diminishing the influence of

the Crown.}

3. Same page 17. Debt of A o 1782 and

d o of 1818: 3[?]. Army of 1782, and d o of

1818.

[marginal note:] Debt to be filled up by Place. Army of 1818 by d o.

{4. Page 19 – for the purpose of settling the commencement of the first Resolution,

note the respective dates of the Commons Resolution about diminution of influence,

and the King’s Speech 5 th Dec. r 1782.

5. After[?] Page 21 Insert the omitted Resolution proving the safety of virtually

universal suffrage under the restriction imposed by the obligation of reading,

compared with the state of former times }

JB_129_265.xml

Title: [1820 Feb. 20 Necessity of Radicalism]

Description: 1820 Feb. 20

Necessity of Radicalism proved from the Radical Principles of Constitutional Law

Heads proposed

1

Topics 20 Feb. 1820

{ §.1. Governors interest every where opposite to governed’s d o –

self regard g interest predominate: one requires maximum of

inequality the other of equality

§.2. This applied to the several repeated instruments of falsity, not dependent upon

common self. 1 in the case of Monarchy: 2 In the case of Aristocracy. 3 In the case

of Democracy

§.3. Opposite to the assumption made by all advocates of all governments but

democratical – by writers in general – The notion a vulgar error – the dissemination

of it a fallacy

1 Causes of the error and correspondent fallacy

§.5.2 Consequences in regard to 1. Political Institutions

promoting misconduct in all public functionaries: by sinister application of the 3

Sanctions

§.6. – 2 – National intellectual strength and moral purity.

§.7. Practical result.

1. In new communities representative democracy

2. In Britain, democratic ascendancy

§.8. Course to be taken for counteracting the effect of the vulgar error and

correspondent fallacy}

{§.4. Origin of the vulgar error and correspondent fallacy}

{Title proposed 20 Feb. 1820

Necessity of Radicalism proved from the radical principles on the field of

Constitutional law, as deduced from experience.

Ch.1.* Equality – its subservience to general felicit[?]

§.1. + Sole justifiable end of government – greatest happiness of

the greatest number

§.2. Maximum of equality the tendency measu}

§.1. Sole justifiable all-comprehensive end of government – greatest happiness of

greatest number

§.2. Distinguishable particular ends, subsistence abundance equality, security –

their relation to each other. See Dum.[?] Princip.

§.3. Subsistence and security obtained, equality the leading means of happiness –

happiness so far as depends on things exterior to man, is in proportion to it

§.3. Means of {happiness} /{felicity}/ exterior to a mans self, d o interior: - exterior, the d o instrument of felicity.

§.4. Instruments of felicity

1. Common to governors and governed: 1 matter of wealth (i.e. of subsistence and

abundance) and 2. natural power

§.5. Instruments of felicity created and reserved to themselves by government 1

factitious dignity. 2 privileged vengeance. 3 factitious ease.

§.6. Maximum Equality in respect of wealth in so far as consistent with security and

abundance – its subserviency to general felicity.

§.7. Equality in respect of power, its subserviency to general felicity abstraction

made of the effects on government

§.8. Equality in respect of the powers by which government is constituted – its

subserviency /necessity/ to good government. (Reasons follow.) Sole good form of

government representative Democracy.

§.9. Cause of the bad side[?] of every other form of government. Necessity of

predominance of self-regarding interest over social in every human breast: consequent

propensity in governors to engross as much as possible the whole mass of the exterior

instruments of felicity, at the expence of the governed.

§.10. Consequence – under every form of government, sacrifice of the interest of the

governed to their own carried by the governors to the highest pitch possible.

Effect of the corresponding propensity since[?] on the severally[?] part[?] of

govern. what?

§.11/ 2/. Use made by them if to this purpose of the several

sanctions or sources of inducement by which human conduct is influenced and

determined: viz. 1 the physical. 2. the retributive. 3. the political including the

legal. 4. the popular or moral: 5. the sympathetic. 6. the super-human or religious.}

§. 13 Opposite Assumption made {to the opposite of fact} by all

governors, and their supporters in every government but a democracy. – its absurdity

and extravagance vulgar error contained in it. – fallacy employed in the

dissemination of it.

1820 Feb. 20

Necessity of Radicalism proved from the Radical Principles of

Constitutional Law –

Heads proposed

2

§. 14 Causes of the rise and predominance of this error – craft

on the one part intellectual weakness on the other

§. 15 Consequences of this error – means by which it produces

misconduct on the part of governor, infelicity on the part of the governed.

§. 16 In all contests between governors and governed, the

greatest pox[?] only blames his […?] on the part of the governors.

§. 17 Application made of the error in the case of the English

Constitution – ways in which it produces misconduct in necessary official situations

– depradation – oppression – waste.

§.17* Continuation – Ways in which it gives birth to needless useless and pernicious

situations – religious establishments

§. 18 Blindness /Insincerity/ and mental weakness produced by it

in all minds of the Representative democracy and democratic ascendancy – democracy

the sole eligible government in a new-formed state – democratic ascendancy preferable

in the United Kingdom – why

§ 20 Objections to representative democracy and democratic ascendancy, their futility

– confutation given to them by experience. See Radicalism not dangerous.

§.21 Course to be taken for eradicating the radical /vulgar/ error the prevalence of

which is thus incompatible with good government.

Inserenda 24 Feb. 1820

§ In a mixt Monarchy, corruption is effectual, inseparable and all-pervading.

§.18* or 13*. Groundless and ridiculous laudation and adulation produced by it (Every

thing most religious – Portraits in the Liturgy like Portraits and Plans and Views in

old Chronicles

§.17* English Constitution By what accidents the good there is in it was produced.

King and Barons found more[?] money could be got from people by cajolement than

force.

King and Barons mutually called on the people.

When nothing could be done without people’s representatives – they found it

necessary to let in Lords – they and Lords to let in People’s representatives for a

share of the plunder.

§. Of Distant Dependencies sure effect preponderate evil in the governing and

governed states. Yet by accident the only good form of government was the result of

Colonization

§.9*. or[?] Every man[?] has its price no more than are imperfect rudiments of the

essential[?] […?]

§. For the same reason that English mixt Monarchy is good as compared with pure

Monarchy it is bad as compared with Repres. ve Democracy

Inseparable from such mixture is the growing worse and worse.

§. Among the power rulers a universal error or pretence is that {for} the[?]

political power[?] men are exempted from moral obligation: that by such hands

whatever is done is right.. On this need[?] /ground/ the language of England can not

be outstretched /outstripped/ by the language of Spain.

§.21. If each Monarch & Aristocrat is in the right in maintaining[?] the

inequity each individual of the subject many is not the less in the right in

endeavouring to release himself from under it: he is not only […?] to himself but to

all others who are in his case.

§ Nobilitas sola atque unica virtus.