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8 Oct r 1809
Parl y Reform
1 Necessity
Ch. Occasional inadequate
§.1. Changes how produced
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Intervention better than nothing at all. Blackst. IV. C.11. p.147
Interventions[?] were constantly recurring[?]: then[?] not.
The sort of faculty which in this respect they possess is certainly better than none
at all: since on the part of the body any the least facility for giving expression to
the sentiments of the people is better than none at all. But that, in the character
of a security /preservative/ against misrule or so much as in the character of a
security against arbitrary power, this faculty of occasional interposition is far
from being /approaching to the nature of/ an equivalent to a regularly-recurring
interposition on the part of the same authority, will /is a proposition /are truths/
that will I trust/ be the more clearly perceptible the more closely the subject is
considered.
It is nothing like a sufficient /altogether insufficient and inefficient in the
character of a/ security against habitual misrule /it will be seen to be altogether
insufficient and even inefficient/: and being so, it would not be enough, though it
were sufficient in the character of a security against a /the/ compleat overthrow of
the constitution by arbitrary power: which it will also be seen not to be.
Three or four times in a century this /such/ interposition or the apprehension of it
may have the effect of producing a change in administration: which change may be for
the better or the worse.
But for the sake of clear conceptions let us admitt /it be admitted/ that a change
of this sort will by this cause be produced ten times in the course of a century:
upon an average once in every ten years: and that upon each occasion an
administration which though, as proved by its continuance in office, acceptable to
the King, will have been justly odious /odious, and justly so/ to the people, will
have given place to another administration either popular or less unpopular.
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Title: [8 Oct r 1809 + Parl y Reform]Description: 8 Oct r 1809 + Parl y Reform 1 […?] Ch. Occasional inadequate[?] Ch. 16. The casual interposition of the people is not sufficient. §. 1. Sole and rare effect—change of administration—how produced. On the part of the people at large interposition in regard to the conduct of public affairs, may (it has been observed) and actually does, occasionally take place. This /In this faculty of occasional/ interposition some have seen or pretended to see at the same time a sufficient counterbalance to the influence of the King in and over the House of Commons, a sufficient security against arbitrary power, a conclusive evidence that the people possess /are in the actual possession and exercise an efficient/ influence over the conduct of public affairs: which influence it is contended is as much as they ought to have—in other words, as much as it is for their own advantage that they should have.
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Title: [8 Oct r 1809 + §.2 Parl y Reform]Description: 8 Oct r 1809 + §.2 Parl y Reform B. I. Necessity Ch. Occasional inadequate §.2. Changes, inadequate 6 1 §.2. Changes of administration are inadequate to the purpose Thus it is that the habitual tide of despotism is subject to be stemmed for the moment by occasional storms. But of this sort of security against misrule what is the use or value? For ten years together /the whole of these ten years/ the course of despotism and of that misrule which is the consequence of despotism—of unchecked power—has gone on without ceasing—all this time the business has been conducted /carried on/ by unfit—by comparatively if not compleatly and absolutely unfit—hands Bad measures in any numbers may have been carried into effect: good measures in any numbers remained unthought of, or if thought of and brought upon the carpet, rejected or in some other way frustrated. Worn out or blunted /and become unfit for use/ the old set of instruments are now discarded /thrown by/. But the people in what respect are they gainers? Then hand—the invisible irresponsible, the uncontrouled and uncontroulable hand that worked with the old instruments, the same hand and with the same power goes to work with the new. To the old set of servants succeeds a new one: but the new servants are still in the same set of dependence as the old ones were: what they succeed to is—not power—not independence as against the King not dependence on the people but dependence on the arbitrary will of the Monarch to the same yoke as that which kept pressing on the necks of their predecessors. At so easy a price as that of dismissing an old set of servants as soon as he is tired of them, the King rubs off his old scores: the tablet washed clean, and now he is at full liberty to commence a new one. The people have got that which is termed satisfaction: and which is all the satisfaction that in this state of things they can have: the satisfaction of seeing the same sort of work going on under /performed by/ a different set of hands. Hampshire can no longer be defended in Hanover by M r Pitt or M r Addington: but it may be, and is defended if not with equal success with at least equal energy by Lord Grenville and M r Fox.
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Title: [9 Oct r 1809 + §.3 Parl y Reform]Description: 9 Oct r 1809 + §.3 Parl y Reform 2 o B. I. Necessity Ch. Occasional inadequate §.3. Burke advocates occasional 1 §.3. Occasional, to the exclusion of constant, interposition pleased for /advocated/ by Burke Occasional interposition—(it must be confessed)—‘ interposition’ indeed, but that not more nor other than occasional—was what was desired and pleaded for, on the part of the people by Edmund Burke. ‘Indeed’ (says he +) ‘in the situation in which we stand, with an immense revenue, an enormous debt, mighty establishments, Government itself a great banker and a great merchant, I see no other way for the preservation of a decent attention to public interest in the Representatives, but the interposition of the body of the people itself’ (the words italicized here are italicized in the original) ‘of the body of the people itself—Yes—but when? {Periodically and regularly and} at {stated and} pre-appointed and foreknown times?—No: but on some very particular occasion or occasions, when the purpose of a very particular and meritorious connection of Noble Lords and Gentlemen may be answered by it, things being at that pitch that for giving the country the benefit of their services, nothing less, nothing else will serve—‘whenever’ (continues he) ‘it shall appear, by some flagrant and notorious act, by some capital innovation, that these Representatives are going to over-leap the fences of the law, and to introduce an arbitrary power’;—a state /juncture/ of things the arrival and continued existence of which the ninety-nine preceding pages had been employed to prove. + Thoughts on the causes of the present discontents. p. 100.
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