8 Oct r 1809

Parl y Reform

1 Necessity

Ch. Occasional inadequate

§.1. Changes how produced

2

2

Intervention better than nothing at all. Blackst. IV. C.11. p.147

Interventions[?] were constantly recurring[?]: then[?] not.

The sort of faculty which in this respect they possess is certainly better than none

at all: since on the part of the body any the least facility for giving expression to

the sentiments of the people is better than none at all. But that, in the character

of a security /preservative/ against misrule or so much as in the character of a

security against arbitrary power, this faculty of occasional interposition is far

from being /approaching to the nature of/ an equivalent to a regularly-recurring

interposition on the part of the same authority, will /is a proposition /are truths/

that will I trust/ be the more clearly perceptible the more closely the subject is

considered.

It is nothing like a sufficient /altogether insufficient and inefficient in the

character of a/ security against habitual misrule /it will be seen to be altogether

insufficient and even inefficient/: and being so, it would not be enough, though it

were sufficient in the character of a security against a /the/ compleat overthrow of

the constitution by arbitrary power: which it will also be seen not to be.

Three or four times in a century this /such/ interposition or the apprehension of it

may have the effect of producing a change in administration: which change may be for

the better or the worse.

But for the sake of clear conceptions let us admitt /it be admitted/ that a change

of this sort will by this cause be produced ten times in the course of a century:

upon an average once in every ten years: and that upon each occasion an

administration which though, as proved by its continuance in office, acceptable to

the King, will have been justly odious /odious, and justly so/ to the people, will

have given place to another administration either popular or less unpopular.
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    Ch. 16. The casual interposition of the people is not sufficient.

    §. 1. Sole and rare effect—change of administration—how produced.

    On the part of the people at large interposition in regard to the conduct of public

    affairs, may (it has been observed) and actually does, occasionally take place. This

    /In this faculty of occasional/ interposition some have seen or pretended to see at

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    1

    §.2. Changes of administration are inadequate to the purpose

    Thus it is that the habitual tide of despotism is subject to be stemmed for the

    moment by occasional storms. But of this sort of security against misrule what is the

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    For ten years together /the whole of these ten years/ the course of despotism and of

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    any numbers may have been carried into effect: good measures in any numbers remained

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    Worn out or blunted /and become unfit for use/ the old set of instruments are now

    discarded /thrown by/. But the people in what respect are they gainers? Then hand—the

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    same set of dependence as the old ones were: what they succeed to is—not power—not

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    arbitrary will of the Monarch to the same yoke as that which kept pressing on the

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    §.3. Burke advocates occasional

    1

    §.3. Occasional, to the exclusion of constant, interposition pleased for

    /advocated/ by Burke

    Occasional interposition—(it must be confessed)—‘ interposition’ indeed, but that not more nor other than occasional—was what was

    desired and pleaded for, on the part of the people by Edmund Burke.

    ‘Indeed’ (says he +) ‘in the situation in which we stand, with an

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    banker and a great merchant, I see no other way for the preservation of a decent

    attention to public interest in the Representatives, but the

    interposition of the body of the people itself’ (the words italicized here

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    the fences of the law, and to introduce an arbitrary power’;—a state /juncture/ of

    things the arrival and continued existence of which the ninety-nine preceding pages

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    + Thoughts on the causes of the present discontents. p. 100.