8 Oct r 1809 + §.2

Parl y Reform

B. I. Necessity

Ch. Occasional inadequate

§.2. Changes, inadequate

6

1

§.2. Changes of administration are inadequate to the purpose

Thus it is that the habitual tide of despotism is subject to be stemmed for the

moment by occasional storms. But of this sort of security against misrule what is the

use or value?

For ten years together /the whole of these ten years/ the course of despotism and of

that misrule which is the consequence of despotism—of unchecked power—has gone on

without ceasing—all this time the business has been conducted /carried on/ by

unfit—by comparatively if not compleatly and absolutely unfit—hands Bad measures in

any numbers may have been carried into effect: good measures in any numbers remained

unthought of, or if thought of and brought upon the carpet, rejected or in some other

way frustrated.

Worn out or blunted /and become unfit for use/ the old set of instruments are now

discarded /thrown by/. But the people in what respect are they gainers? Then hand—the

invisible irresponsible, the uncontrouled and uncontroulable hand that worked with

the old instruments, the same hand and with the same power goes to work with the new.

To the old set of servants succeeds a new one: but the new servants are still in the

same set of dependence as the old ones were: what they succeed to is—not power—not

independence as against the King not dependence on the people but dependence on the

arbitrary will of the Monarch to the same yoke as that which kept pressing on the

necks of their predecessors. At so easy a price as that of dismissing an old set of

servants as soon as he is tired of them, the King rubs off his old scores: the tablet

washed clean, and now he is at full liberty to commence a new one. The people have

got that which is termed satisfaction: and which is all the satisfaction that in this

state of things they can have: the satisfaction of seeing the same sort of work going

on under /performed by/ a different set of hands. Hampshire can no longer be defended

in Hanover by M r Pitt or M r Addington: but it

may be, and is defended if not with equal success with at least equal energy by Lord

Grenville and M r Fox.
Similar Items
  • Title: [7 Oct. 1809 Parl y. Reform. P t. I]
    Description: 7 Oct. 1809

    Parl y. Reform. P t. I. Necessity. Chapters

    and Sections

    Ch. 13. King’s unfitness or Evil consequences of the Kings being his own Minister

     See Ch. 4.

    §.1. Evil consequences enumerated.

    §.2: Consequence 1. Misrule, viz. by the King

    §.3.2. Preference given to unfit subordinates.

    §.4-3. Encroachment continually encreasing.

    §.5.-4. Habits of insincerity produced in Ministers.

    { §.6. King’s unfitness for power maintained by Burke.  Here, or in Ch. 4? or in Ch.

    14? }

    Ch. 14. King’s dependence on the people how far necessary

    § 1. Propriety of the King’s dependence in point of theory.

    § 2. Objection answered inconsistency of such dependence with the ballance of power.

    (Reference to a dissertation in the Appendix.)

    §.3. Actual dependence of the King antecedently to the present reign. Historical

    sketch

    §.4. Hanover and Hampshire The dependence broken through in the case of Hanover.

    §.5. The propriety of the King’s dependence maintained by Burke  Post[?] off to Ch.

    15.

    §.6. Future prospects necessity of this dependence indicated by the state of the

    Royal Family.

    Ch. 15

    poste[?] 16[?] Marginals

    Ch. 16. The King will be despotic, unless the House of Commons be thus dependent on

    the people.

    §.1. The King’s sinister interest will prevail unless controuled

    §.2. Sole adequate controul the power of the people

    §.3. Peculiar excellence of the mode in which this controul is exercised according to

    the English constitution.

    §.4. The controul of the people is nullified, in so far as their delegates are

    dependent on the King.

    §.5. The dependence of the House of Commons on the King is compleat on all ordinary

    occasions.

    §.6. Its dependence on the people is the sole true remedy.

    §.7. Inefficacy of all other remedies – spirit of the people – press - &c.

    Ch. 17.* Occasional interposition on the part of the people

    is inadequate.

    §.1.

    §.2.

    §.3. Burke’s intimation of its adequacy examined.

    §.4. Tumultuous petitioning Act – check applied by it to

    such interposition.

    Ch. 19. Necessity of parl y reform to the promotion of unnecessary

    wars.

    §.1. In theory Polyarchy is more favourable than monarchy to peace.

    §.2. Facilities the King has for plunging the people into war.

    §.3. In practice polyarchy has been more pacific than monarchy.

    §.4. Wars produced or endeavoured at by sinister interest in this reign.

    Ch. 18 No marginals Recapitulatory conclusion – Despotism is at

    hand.

    §.1. Abject dependence of the House of Commons.

    §.2. Abject dependence of the Clergy and the Lawyers

    §.3. All interruptions to the despotism are precarious and inadequate.

    §.4. Recapitulation.

    Ch. 15. Unfitness of the King for exercising power in detail – and the necessity of

    his dependence on the people through the medium of their delegates, contended for by

    Burke

    §.1. Burke’s opinions to what purpose brought to view

    §.2. His opinions as to the power of the King

    §.3 – as to the powers of the people

    §.4 – as to the power of the Electors over their delegates.

    Ch. 20. Mischief of Idol-worship in the person of the King viz. as obstructing Parl

    Reform

    §.1.

    29 Dec r 1809

    Ch. 17 The occasional prevalence of Oppositions[?] is no efficient check to the

    King’s despotism.

    §.1. Dependence on a party, though in opposition, is dependence on the King.

    §.2. Changes in administration prevent not despotism, only cause it to change hands.

    §.3.
  • Title: [8 Oct r 1809 Parl y Reform]
    Description: 8 Oct r 1809

    Parl y Reform

    B I Necessity

    Ch. Occasional inadequate

    §.1. Changes how produced

    3

    3

    Such being by supposition the effect, the cause by which and mode in which it has

    been /was/ produced must have been near[?] about as follows—

    For the ten years all but a few days—say for the ten years all but a month the King

    having had in his dependence such a proportion of the members in ordinary attendance

    as shall on each individual occasion have constituted a sufficiently great /abundant/

    majority, all the measures that have been carried into effect within that time have

    followed the determination /direction/ of his private /personal/ /single/ will. But

    now within a month of the conclusion of the ten years symptoms of dissatisfaction on

    the part of the people have grown to such an height that changes begin to take place

    in the ordinary composition of the House of Commons

    1. One set of /Some of the/ Members who under the general notion of supporting

    government in whatsoever hands lodged had without having reaped /reaped or expected

    to reap/ from the services of the functionaries in office any considerable advantage

    been accustomed to take the opinion and will of the rulers for the time being for a

    /as and for the/ provisional standard of rectitude, viz. for the sake of saving to

    themselves respectively the trouble of applying their minds to each separate

    business, observing the /a/ general dissatisfaction encrease, now apply their minds

    to the subject, and regarding the members of the existing administration as unworthy

    of their confidence, withdraw it accordingly, and commence the habit of voting on the

    other side. Friends of government. John [...?]-men. Quietists.

    Bell-weather-followers.
  • Title: [8 Oct r 1809 Parl y Reform]
    Description: 8 Oct r 1809

    Parl y Reform

    B. I. Necessity

    Ch. Occasional inadequate

    §.2. Changes, inadequate

    7

    2

    Thus it is that in respect of so much as a remission of the disease the remedy is in

    its operation altogether precarious and inadequate.

    Of any thing like a compleat intermission its efficacy /adequacy/ is still more

    compleatly inadequate.

    As to prevention to any such purpose the power of the remedy is still more

    problematical /questionable/ and feeble. For ten years has mischief been going on

    without controul unless in so far as the bare possibility that by mischief on this or

    that particular occasion mischief in this or that particular shape the sort of crisis

    in question may peradventure be accelerated.

    Against violent and unprecedented mischiefs acts each of them openly and avowedly

    subversive of the constitution even this check, feeble as it is may perhaps be not

    altogether without its effect: and to this may we perhaps be indebted for the having

    a jubilee to celebrate under a King not avowedly absolute instead of under a King as

    absolute as the Emperor Bonaparte.

    But against petty or customary /mischiefs and/ instances of misrule in any number

    that it affords no protection experience but too plainly testifies: the governing a

    vast majority of the inhabitants of one of the three kingdoms upon principles upon

    /by/ which their interests are avowedly set at nought and sacrificed: {sacrificed

    either to nothing at all or to the humour and that the ill humour of one man.}

    holding the liberty of the press in a state of avowed extinction by a species of

    spurious law /rules of pretended law/ which wants /want for/ nothing but opportunity

    to be carried into effect {as if it were genuine}.