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[129b-480]
4 April 1817
Plan Cat
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Introd
§. Interests adverse
III. Course taken ?
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In general terms, the answer which may without much dissembly be hazarded is this. On this as on other and similar occasions, some there will have been, to whom /in whose eyes/, the universal interest being comparatively or even absolutely a matter of indifference, reform in any shape was in no other hope was set up, than in that of its serving as a ladder to the coveted /looked for/ power: others in whose eyes /by whom/ while reform parliamentary reform {has} presented itself in the character of a good of an instrument of good – an instrument capable of being and designed to be rendered subservient to the advancement of the universal interest, the term moderate presented the idea of those modifications which would be necessary to the prevention of those confusions – those never distinctly conceived and therefore but the more terrific confusions – those hideously yawning phantoms by which if not excluded the expected good might be swallowed up, and a torrent of evil pure unmixt evil – vomited up and poured over the land instead of it.
Here we have /Behold here/ the two extreme points of the two corresponding and contrasted yet combined scales – viz. discernment without appropriate probity, and appropriate probity without discernment. In both scales in each of the two scales are degrees in abundance, in which respectively so many places might be found for all the infinite /several/ diversifications of which alone considered in this point of view, the mind of man may be seen to be perceptible.
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Title: [[xxxvi. 53] 1821 April 3 Constitut]Description: [xxxvi. 53] 1821 April 3 Constitut Code s Adend. No existing form is perhaps compleatly and [...?] unmixt It may be considered as unmixt when the [...?] is not great enough to prevent the production of the distinguishable effects. \PS\. Constitutional Law Considered with reference to the allotment made of the powers of government, all forms are either pure /unmixt/ or mixt Of unmixt forms of government three sorts are commonly held in view distinguished from the number of the persons to whom those powers are allotted A /An unmixt/ democracy is that form of government in which the whole aggregate composed of all the members of the community are considered as partaking /partakers/ in the powers of government. An unmixt Aristocracy is the form of government in which an aggregate composed of /no more than/ a portion only of the members of the community, are considered as partaking in the power of government. An unmixt Monarchy is the form of government in which one member of the community possesses of himself /has at his own comand/ all the powers of government. Note The adjunct commonly employed on this occasion is pure. It has two inconveniences. One is - that to the idea of thing /object/ which it is employed to designate it adds the idea of approbation as bestowed upon that object by the speaker: the other is that it does not so clearly bring to view as does the word unmixt the relation between the hing in question, and its oposite from which the thing in question is to be distinguished.
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Title: [+ 1819 Sept 30 Parl. Reform Bill]Description: + 1819 Sept 30 Parl. Reform Bill. Reasons §.3. Eligible Who Art 6. Recommendation why thus particular 1 3 art. 6. (appropriate probity &c) Question 3. Why make the Certificate thus particular, in respect of the points or elements of appropriate aptitude? Reasons 1. Avoidance of Miselection. Suppose the choice would otherwise have fallen upon a person in any degree more apt: the Election of any person, how apt so ever, is, comparatively speaking, so far Miselection. The more particular the account is, which is given of a person’s supposed fitness, the more clearly the attention of persons in general is thereby directed to the character of the individual, and to the question whether the aptitude thus ascribed to him be really possessed by him. In this or that particular point, suppose it clear that his character will not bear examination: men, who themselves enjoy a good reputation, will shrink from the task of delivering in his favour a false declaration, by the falsity of which their own reputation either in respect of sincerity or in respect of discernment, may in proportion to his deficiency in the particulars in question, be injured.
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Title: [1818 Dec r 9 Parl. Reform Bill]Description: 1818 Dec r 9 Parl. Reform Bill Principles Beginning §.1 Misrule when[?] necessary 11 In default of all other drains, under every Monarchy an /the/ army – the standing army would of itself /under any Monarchy/ be sufficient to push /swell/ the quantity of product of regulated extortion up to the very /utmost/ limit of the capacity of endurance /supply./ to drain /draw/ from the pocket of the people the utmost quantity of money capable of being extracted /drawn out/ by taxes. 2. An instrument of defence against aggression from without /abroad/ – an instrument of aggression abroad – an instrument of oppression at home – a toy to play with – in all these distinguishable characters is an army an object of universal concupiscence. Of these four uses /purposes/, the first is of course the only one avowed: and if this were all the quantity coveted might have its limits. But if so it were that for this purpose it were the whole of it compleatly unnecessary /needless/ no demand for it at all, the demand of it /need /desire made[?]/ of it/ for the three other purposes would not be the less intense: and even for the best of them frivolous as it is /even for the last one /purpose/, were it even the only one/, the desire would be insatiable. A play-thing such as now[?] but a Monarch can shew is to a Monarch beyond all price: and the larger /vaster/ the toy, the more matchless, and the more matchless the more valuable. An army is a doll magnified. What a doll is to a girl in leading strings an army is to a prince: Sixpence dresses out the small doll /little baby/: millions of pounds are bestowed every year upon the great one. [marginal insertion:] Soldiers are already to be seen, in whose coats the cloth is not to be seen for the gold that covers it: if all were thus covered with gold, those who are now covered with nothing better than gold would be covered with diamonds. In treaties, holy or unholy If the only avowed object, self defence, were the only real one, the stipulations would have for their subject /object, not armament but disarmament: not the keeping up of troops, but what is somewhat more easy, the abstinence[?] from keeping them up.
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