JB_160_169.xml

Title: [1821. April 16. First Lines.]

Description: 1821. April 16.

First Lines.

Means

Distributive

4 Equality

In the instance /case/ of each individual, a particular period /point of time/ there

is at which, without defalcation made from security in his instance, or in the

instance of any other individual, a distribution may be made his properly may be

subjected to a distribution or other disposition, whereby, according to the amount of

it, equality will be promoted, advance towards absolute equality may be made.

This time is the time of a man's death. In his instnce, no such evil is produced,

for he is no more. In the instance of no other individual if, in this instance,

sufficient and effective care has been taken to exclude expectation, no evil will

/evil/ be produced: for the only evil incident to the case is disappointment, and, by

the exclusion of expectation has been excluded.

Whatsoever be the amount of a man's property, if, within a certain distance from him

in the line of natural relationship, relation of his, knowing themselves to be such,

and known by him to be such, are in existence, the /an/ expectation of possessing, at

the time of his death, the whole, or a portion more or less considerable, of that

property, (with the exception of such part, if any, as it is known will terminate at

his death,) will, in proportion to their several degrees of propinquity and

correspondent amity, be /entertained: that is/ in the instance of such of them as, in

respect of age and other circumstances, are capable of entertaining expectations of

this nature, be entertained

JB_160_166.xml

Title: [1821 April 16 First Lines Means]

Description: 1821 April 16

First Lines

Means

Distributive

4 Equality

2. Where /If/ a defalcation to /with/ his knowledge and without his free consent, a

defalcation is made from the mass of his property, if it be without his knowledge and

free consent, - in this case over and above the sort of negative defalcation made as

above, a defalcation of a positive aspect is made: viz. by means of and in proportion

to, a particular pain which in some quantity or other he cannot fail to experience. A

pain of privation or a pain of loss, are the names by which this species of pain has

been distinguished.

3. If from the operation of a cause, the same with, or similar to, that one from the

operation of which, a loss as above has been sustained by a man, he is made to

entertain the apprehension of further /ulterior/ loss produced by ulterior operations

of the same cause, another pain of a different description takes place in addition to

the above, this pain has been denominated a pain of apprehension grounded on loss.

4 If had it not been for the loss thus incurred or the loss thus apprehended the man

would have continued or engaged in some profit-seeking and profitable course of

labour, he is by the apprehension of the like eventual loss prevented from continuing

or engaging in such course, a loss to a futher amount is thus produced, and by means

of it, it will generally happen an additional and correspondent pain. The loss has

been denominated loss by depression of industry: the pain, pain from repressed

/repression of/ industry.

JB_160_160.xml

Title: [1821 April 15: First Lines]

Description: 1821 April 15:

First Lines

Means

Distributive

4 Equality

\PS\.4. Equality

Fourth on the list of the benefits which the Civil Branch of the Law is occupied in

distributing - /is/ equality.

Of the four several possessions, for which according to their several natures,

security for individuals is required individually considered, property is the only

one, with relation to which, equality requires, or with propriety admits of, any

considerable diversification. With the exception of such cases Except in so far as

security cannot be given /afforded/ to one man, but by defalcation made from the

security given /afforded/ to another -, where is the man to whom appropriate security

ought not to be afforded for his person for his reputation or for his condition in

life? Where is the man to whom for any one of those three possessions, greater or

better security ought to be afforded than to any other?

Remains property as the only one of the four possessions, remains property as the

only one in relation to which, the application of the benefit of equality requires

any considerable discrimination or reserve.

Subsistence, security, - to the value of both these benefits, the value of that

which is presented by the word equality, is plainly subordinate. In regard to

subsistence the case is - that considered as apart from, and unaccompanied by,

abundance, equality is essentially involved and included in the very conception of

it: for as consistently with the supposition no man can in this case have more of the

means of subsistence than another, so consistently with his existence no man can have

less.