date

1821 April 16 First Lines Means
1821 April 16

First Lines

Means

Distributive

4 Equality

Of these four modes of defalcation from happiness by the defalcation from property,

the two first mentioned apply exclusively /are confined to/ to the individual thus

damnified and his individual circle - and the individual the circle of his

connections in the way of interest and sympathy: from the two last, by the

observation of his suffering may be propogated as it were by contagion a cluster of

similar evils in the breasts of other persons, the number of which will be determined

by the number of other persons the number of whom will be determined by the number of

those, by whom intimation having been received by them of his loss, apprehension

comes to be entertained of loss to themselves or their connections from the operation

of the same cause or similar ones.

This pain to the extent of which, that is to say to the number of persons

participating in it, no exact limits can commonly be assigned, has been denominated,

the pain of insecurity by contagion.

When a mass of property not as yet in the man's possession has /having/ been an

object of expectation to him - has been his in expectancy, it fails at the expected

time to come into his possession, disappointment on his part takes place:- a

correspondent pain is experienced by him - a pain of disappointment.

Correspondent to the pain of privation in case of expectation is the pain of

disappointment in case of expectancy.
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  • Title: [1821 April 16 First Lines Means]
    Description: 1821 April 16

    First Lines

    Means

    Distributive

    4 Equality

    2. Where /If/ a defalcation to /with/ his knowledge and without his free consent, a

    defalcation is made from the mass of his property, if it be without his knowledge and

    free consent, - in this case over and above the sort of negative defalcation made as

    above, a defalcation of a positive aspect is made: viz. by means of and in proportion

    to, a particular pain which in some quantity or other he cannot fail to experience. A

    pain of privation or a pain of loss, are the names by which this species of pain has

    been distinguished.

    3. If from the operation of a cause, the same with, or similar to, that one from the

    operation of which, a loss as above has been sustained by a man, he is made to

    entertain the apprehension of further /ulterior/ loss produced by ulterior operations

    of the same cause, another pain of a different description takes place in addition to

    the above, this pain has been denominated a pain of apprehension grounded on loss.

    4 If had it not been for the loss thus incurred or the loss thus apprehended the man

    would have continued or engaged in some profit-seeking and profitable course of

    labour, he is by the apprehension of the like eventual loss prevented from continuing

    or engaging in such course, a loss to a futher amount is thus produced, and by means

    of it, it will generally happen an additional and correspondent pain. The loss has

    been denominated loss by depression of industry: the pain, pain from repressed

    /repression of/ industry.
  • Title: [1821. April 16. First Lines.]
    Description: 1821. April 16.

    First Lines.

    Means

    Distributive

    4 Equality

    In the instance /case/ of each individual, a particular period /point of time/ there

    is at which, without defalcation made from security in his instance, or in the

    instance of any other individual, a distribution may be made his properly may be

    subjected to a distribution or other disposition, whereby, according to the amount of

    it, equality will be promoted, advance towards absolute equality may be made.

    This time is the time of a man's death. In his instnce, no such evil is produced,

    for he is no more. In the instance of no other individual if, in this instance,

    sufficient and effective care has been taken to exclude expectation, no evil will

    /evil/ be produced: for the only evil incident to the case is disappointment, and, by

    the exclusion of expectation has been excluded.

    Whatsoever be the amount of a man's property, if, within a certain distance from him

    in the line of natural relationship, relation of his, knowing themselves to be such,

    and known by him to be such, are in existence, the /an/ expectation of possessing, at

    the time of his death, the whole, or a portion more or less considerable, of that

    property, (with the exception of such part, if any, as it is known will terminate at

    his death,) will, in proportion to their several degrees of propinquity and

    correspondent amity, be /entertained: that is/ in the instance of such of them as, in

    respect of age and other circumstances, are capable of entertaining expectations of

    this nature, be entertained
  • Title: [1820 July 23. Emancipation Spanish]
    Description: 1820 July 23.

    Emancipation Spanish

    '. 11. Particular interests adverse

    Retrenchment principles

    Holder of office during pleasure not comparable if they have means of living from

    other sorces.

    In the pain of disappointment consists all the suffering from retrenchment. No

    expectation no disappointment. The subject of disappointment may be possessed or

    vested expectancy. Disappointment may have /has/ for its cause loss of things in

    possession or loss of things in vested expectancy. In so far as no vested expectancy

    has place disappointment has no place. In so far as no vested expectancy has no place

    endowment attached to useless or needless office may be abolished without suffering,

    on condition of allowing the whole of the endowment attached to the incumbent during

    his life the whole of the endowment attached to his office. Offices held under

    appointments understood to be revocable may be extinguished without compensation

    where the incumbent is in possession of a livelyhood from any other source/

    II As to maximizing the facility

    Whatever reduces the suffering reduces at the same time the facility.

    It were to be wished that it could be added, and in the same proportion. But the

    facility will be invisibly in the power of resistence: and in the case in question

    the power of resistence will be not as the quantity of suffering but as the quantity

    of political influence. Under a despotism it will accordingly be at its maximum:

    under /in/ a republic at it minimum, in a mixt government directly in the power of

    the ruling few [...?] in the power of the subject many.