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[clx. 265]
1822 July 11
Constitut. Code Rationale
Securities for I. Moral
6 Factitious honor excled
It marks him out as a man who was by birth an enemy to the interest and happiness of the greatest number a member of the privileged class: namely of a class comprized of those whose common interest is a particular and sinister interest opposite to the universal interest.
He who is at one time an enemy may at another time be a friend. But he who is by birth an enemy can not on any sufficient grounds be regarded as a friend, unless and until, and in so far as by such means as the nature of the case affords, he has made known the change. Of this change one conclusive sufficient and conclusive proof the nature of the case affords: and that is a surrender of the privilege.
In this way and no other /means alone/ he renders it manifest that by him his interest is identified /in coincidence/ with the universal interest his affections with the affections of the greatest number of the members of the community in question - that in his eyes the affection esteem and respect which is the result of judgment unperverted by any cause /source/ of delusion from any source is preferred to that respect which is the joint offspring of sinister interest, caprice fraud imposture and chance.
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Title: [[clx. 263] 1822 July 9. Constitut]Description: [clx. 263] 1822 July 9. Constitut. Code Rationale Securities Factitious honor Expository matter? Probabilized by it what 5. That as his interests are in alliance with so his affections sympathize with the interests and affections of that portion of the community whose station is thus elevated: and that in so far as between the higher and the lower orders in consequence of such difference of interests and affections a difference of judgment naturally has place, his judgment will on each occasion, side with theirs, his judgment, and in consequence his conduct: in a word that in his character of member of the Public Opinion Tribunal, it is to the aristocratical Section of that judiciary that he belongs. But the interest, consequently the affection and judgment of the Monarch as such are hostile /adverse/ to the general interest of the community: so are those of the Aristocracy in all its modifications: not contributory but detrimental to the greatest happiness of the greatest number In relation to these several matters the evidence thus afforded is not conclusive evidence - it is capable of being rebutted and outweighed by other evidence: but in so far as it operates /has any/, such is the tendency of it: whatsoever be the degree of probability in relation to each point, such is the side on which it is situated.
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Title: [[clx. 237] 1822 July 22 Constitut]Description: [clx. 237] 1822 July 22 Constitut. Code Rationale Introduction to the Rationale Thw whole of this work all comprehensive as it is, consists in an application made of two all-comprehensive principles: 1. a principle assertive /respective/ of propriety; a principle assertive of a /respecting an all comprehensive/ matter of fact The principle assertive of propriety is the greatest happiness /felicity/ principle. The greatest happiness of the greatest number as the only right and proper end of government: all /every/ other ends to which it is possible for the means of government to be directed are /is/ sinister ones The principle having respect to matter of fact is the self-preference principle. To prefer /Preference given to/ his own interest to all others is a universal propensity in man's nature in whatsoever situation placed. From these two springs /theoretical principles/ one practical one Would you establish a Constitution /constitute a government/ so order the powers belonging to it make such distribution /disposal/ of the powers /mass of power/ of which government that each member of it each functionary may see that his own particular interest will throughout coincide with the interest of the greatest number /the universal interest/ and this in such sort that he can not make sacrifice of /do evil to/ the universal interest without doing /thereby doing net/ evil to his own particular interest. Applied to the Constitutional branch of Law /the Pannomion/ of the field of legislation, the greatest happiness principle /the all comprehensive end/ resolves itself into two specific ones - namely 1. Aptitude maximized; 2. Expence, minimized.
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Title: [[clx. 439] 1822 July 26 Constitut]Description: [clx. 439] 1822 July 26 Constitut. Code On the principle of self-preference the effect is - that, as in every other situation so in that of ruler, generally speaking a man pursues his own happiness in preference to that of all other individuals put together: in preference to, and thence in so far as competition has place to the sacrifice of their happiness The interest by which as being a member of the community in question he is prompted to take for his end and object of pursuit the greatest happiness of the greatest number may be termed his right and proper interest The interest by which he is prompted to take for his end and object of pursuit his own interest to the sacrifice of the interest of the other members of that same community may be termed his sinister interest In so far as he is considered as bound to take for his end in view the greatest happiness of the greatest number or the happiness of any individual or individuals other than himself, his power is said to be given to him in trust: in trust namely in the trust or confidence that it is to their happiness that the exercise of it will be directed: or shortly his power is said to be a trust. In so far as instead of being directed to the production of the happiness of the greatest number it is to the production of his own happiness or that of some smaller number to the sacrifice of the greatest happiness of the greatest number that the exercise of such his power or trust is regarded as being directed, such trust is said to be broken or violated the line of conduct pursued by him is said to be pursued in breach or violation of such his trust.
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