date

[clx. 301] 1822 July 8 Constitut
[clx. 301]

1822 July 8

Constitut. Code Rationale

Note

Factitious honor

?. Evils

In the Prussian Monarchy, made up of shreds and patches, torn at different times from their various possessors - in the Prussian Monarchy till t'other day there was nothing above a Count. Of late the Monarchy being enlarged and consolidated the treasury of honor has been enriched there by /with/ an order of Princes

In Poland before the partition /delaceration[?]/ a fear of the most opulent families that is to say the greatest Landholders, though it is believed without any formal creation used to bear in other languages the title of Princes and continue to do so since

In Russia, in which the manufacture of factitious honour has within this country been carried on with the greatest degree of elaboration, there are Barons and above them Counts but nothing higher: the Princes having been such not by creation, but some how or other, it is not generally known how it remains for the genius of the present or some future Aristocrat to import from England all along with its other products the titles of Duke and Marquis, to set above those of Count and Baron.

In reality this question about rank is by no means so frivolous as it may appear to be: for by all these elevations it will be seen how the people are tormented and depressed.

In the several countries in which a title originally conferred by the Monarch has been assumed by men on whom it has not either on their own persons or on the persons of their ancestors been conferred, an instance may be seen of a sort of superfoetation of depravity, a fraud made to grow out of a fraud: the Monarch by /by the conspiracy by which/ this false certificate of meritorious service has been produced the Monarch and those /the individuals/ thus honored by him have swindled the public at large out of a certain quantity of respect not really due, imposing thus upon the public at large: and the usurpers of it have on their parts imposed upon the public at large and the Monarch both, by pretending to have received from him what in truth he never gave.
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  • Title: [[clx. 273] 1822 July 4 Constitut]
    Description: [clx. 273]

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    Factitious dignity /Honor/

    ?.4. Conferred as usual

    mischievous

    Conferred not in those cases the evidence afforded of itself in each individual case with the evidence thus afforded

    ?.4 Conferred in the only manner as yet in general use factitious honor is in its nature in various ways preponderantly mischievous - detrimental and not /rather than/ contributory to the greatest happiness of the greatest number: and in the first place as conferred in a Monarchy. Arbitrarily conferred, factitious honor is pernicious every where

    Of The various forms in which it has been conferred in Monarchies a comparative /an analytical/ view has been just given. The cases in which it has thus been given agree all of them in this: namely that they have been given out in a judicial manner: not on the ground of any adequate or determined evidence: Thus given They have therefore little more tendency to be productive of good desert than punishment applied by the same hands, in the same arbitrary manner, would have to be expressive of ill-desert.

    Of two things of two matters of fact it must be admitted an act of this sort does afford conclusive evidence: that the individual so honored: 1. that he is in favor with the Monarchy or: 2 that at any rate he is not to such a degree out of favor as that the act /reward in this shape/ being proposed by the functionary in question is not thought fit by the Monarch to be refused.
  • Title: [[clx. 300] 1822 July 8 Constitut]
    Description: [clx. 300]

    1822 July 8

    Constitut. Code Rationale

    Note (a)

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    Factitous honor

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    (a)In England the title of Prince has never been borne by any individual who has not been a member of the Royal Family: when under this title the member of another nation is presented to his notice, this idea of blood relation to Monarchy /Royalty/ the highest order in the state naturally presents itself: it is only by particular information that he learns by how great and various distances the rank of the bearer of this title is separated from that of royalty and sovereignty in other States: how in France for example the throng of Princes is /are/ confounded with that /those/ of Counts, Viscounts and Barons: how abundant they are in various parts of Italy: how in Russia while the title is borne by some of the most opulent as well as antient families it is borne by others whose place is in almost the lowest rank in this scale of opulence. The advantage of being thus confounded in mens conceptions with the Members of Sovereign families seems of late to have recommended it in Germany as well as France. Hence it is that in the course of the Revolution undergone by France Bonapartes Generals received some of them indeed the title of Dukes, but others the title of Princes; and Talleyrand though a member of one of the oldest and as such most honored families of the Noblesse of France saw an advantage in accepting in form the title of Prince. In Germany, this title has been borne by several of the little sovereigns [...?] feudatory Monarchs with which the constitution of that confederacy still continues even in its present altered state.
  • Title: [[clx. 264] 1822 July 11 Constitut]
    Description: [clx. 264]

    1822 July 11

    Constitut. Code Rationale

    Securites

    Factitious honor excled

    Expository matter

    Relation to Pub. Opinion

    Tribunal

    ?. Relation between /of/ Factitious honor and /to/ honor at the hands of the Public Opinion Tribunal and Factitious Honor

    ?.5. It is an instrument in the hands of the Aristocratical Section of the Public Opinion Tribunal

    ?.6. It is an instrument of opposition to the force /influence/ of the Democratical Section of the Public Opinion Tribunal

    Conferred, that is to say known or supposed or considered as being conferred, by the Public-Opinion Tribunal, adjudicating to the party in question the benefits comprized under /designated by/ the words affection, esteem and respect of the community at large of the greatest number of those by whom /under whose/ cognizance has been taken of the meritorious service rendered by him, the reward conferred is characterized and distinguished from the mass of benefit conferred by means of factitious honor, by these peculiar properties.

    1. The application thus made is dictated /determined/ by /has for its cause the effect/ the interest common to the greatest number of the members of the community in question, at any rate /that is to say/ by that which is in their eyes their common interest or say dictated by a regard for thier happiness

    2 In the case where the honor is primarily seated The application made of the mass of benefit in question in the case of factitious honor is dictated /determined/ by /has for its cause/ the effect of the interest, real or supposed, of the individual by whom it is conferred.

    3. In the case where it is seated by extravasation on the ground of genealogical relationship of consanguinity /consanguinity/ is determined as to the individual by blind chance.

    3. By the natural character of the functionary by whom in its primarily seated state it was conferred, and of the class to which the individual who in this case is among the possessors of it appertains /possessor of it in this its extravasated state appertains/, it is in his instance indicative of an interest and a state of the affections and the opinions adverse to the interest and greatest happiness of the greatest number.