date

[clx. 352] 1822 July 14 Constitut
[clx. 352]

1822 July 14

Constitut. Code Rationale

Securities

5 Moral Responsibility

Public Opinion Tribunal

Evidence etc its necessity

Of the channels through which, if at all information in both its shapes as above, must find its way to the public ear /eye/ and the public eye /ear/ beyond all comparison the most ample and efficient are those in the designation of which the collective term the press is commonly employed: and of these again the most ample and efficient are those for the designation of which the collective term the periodical press is employed. Every act by which the net mass of benefit derivable through these channels is lessened or endeavoured to be lessened is of the number of those by which the agent /actor/ is rendered as above the /an/ enemy to all mankind to all happiness to all virtue to all mankind.

There are two modes by which this enmity has the capacity and is in the habit of exerting /exercising/ /exerting/ itself: the one is by corrupting /poisoning/ these same channels; the other is by lessening the aggregate calibre of them by blocking them up.

The poisoning plan is carried on by keeping the information on one side suppressed, while passage to information on the other side is left free. In this mode it is by the setting of licensers over the press that the mischief is affected Under this mode again are comprized two specific modes: one consists in preventing as it were by physical means the issuing forth of the /such[?]/ obnoxious /apprehended/ information, the other consists in the punishing those by whom any such information has already been issued forth, and thereby /thus/ by intimidation preventing the issuing the like in future. The former mode is pursued by the establishment of a Censorial or Licensing Office; the other establishment of a system of judicial prosecution for the acts on which the denomination and to the agent the effects of criminality /crime/ are thus attached.
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  • Title: [[clx. 357] 1822 July 14 Constitut]
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    This indirect mode of corruption by garbling is not altogether so mischievous as either of the two others. Of the matters kept from publication no such individual selection can be made as in the other case. Still however selection /separation/ in no small degree mischievous can be made and is made. For particulars and examples see the case of England.

    As it is only by the power of government that this poisoning /corruption/ and this obstruction can be carried into effect, it is manifestly for the purpose of misrule, for the purpose of giving extension and perpetuity to misrule and thereby to human misery in all its shapes that enmity to mankind /war upon human /the/ happiness of mankind/ in both these shapes is on every occasion exercised /carried on/

    But as nations are now [...?] information to any one nation is information to every other applying poison or obstruction to any one press is applying it to every other. Carrying on hostility in any one nation and thereby against that one nation is carrying on hostility against every other. It is still more extensively and effectively an act of hostility against all /the/ nations /of the earth/ than piracy is. For the mischief and terror produced by a pirate is confined to the seas on which his acts of piracy are exercised it is confined within the space of time, never a very long one during which those acts continue to be exercised. But the mischief produced by the suppression of information on the one side on the side of the victims of misrule while false and delusive information in support of misrule is let through may spread itself over all nations, and continue in all times.
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    3. Methodization, or Arrangement.

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    In what respect then is collective methodization distinct from collective denomination? In this only, that where the word methodization is employed, a multitude of groupes or collections of general ideas are considered as being at the same time formed or brought together, and at the same time so constituted and disposed that two or more, each having its collective name or denomination, are connected together by and comprehended within some common name, some name which, being common to them both and not applied to any other, serves at the same time to distinguish them from all objects to which different names have been applied:- the new and larger groupes thus formed being at the same time, in company with some other groupe or groupes formed in the same manner, formed into some still more capacious multitudinous groupe; and so on through any number of processes of ulterior aggregation.
  • Title: [[clx. 353] 1822 July 15 Constitut]
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    In regard to the net amount of the benefit of which this counterforce is capable of being the instrument, for lessening the net amount of it, by operations applying /applied/ to the mass /stock/ of information and the channels of conveyance through which, as above, it has to pass, for lessening the net amount of this benefit, the nature of the case affords two expedients or courses of action /policy/. The One consists in the blocking up of the channels, and thus /thereby/ stopping in the whole or in part the current of information that would otherwise make its way through them to the eyes and ears of the public - of the members of the community taken in the aggregate. The other consists in rendering in a greater or less quantity and degree corrupt and delusive the stock of information which comes so received: the one system may be stiled the obstructive /blockading/ system or the obstructive policy the other, the corruptive. The obstructive operates by the simple diminution /substraction/ of the quantity of such information as being correct, is at the same time usefully instructive. The corruptive operates by the addition of a mass of information in itself false and designed to be fallacious. /deceptious./ And note /Note here/ that by substraction, deception may be produced as well as by corruption. To this purpose all that is necessary may be /what may happen to be sufficient is/ to render partial the stock which is suffered to pass on /passes on/: partial that is to say in the bad sense of the word in which it means conducive to deception /being the sense in which it is used when subservient to injustice/: that which would operate /is regarded as operating/ against the side meant to be favoured by the deceit being stopped, while that which is regarded as operating in favor of it is suffered to pass on.