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[clxii. 71]
1820 May 13
Emancipation Spanish
' 6. Rulers arguments
Virtue no security
In the case in question the object to which this virtue was directed was the overthrow of the existing pure despotism tyrannically exercised, and the substituting to it a mixt monarchy the powers of which were under the controul of a set of men in whose election the people at large had had, and wish to continue to have a share, by another set of men such as /among whom of course/ in the first instance would not be any who had not the appprobation of these same representatives of the people, but who /on the nomination of whom/ ultimately, and no one could well say how soon might be such as would have been the choice not only in name and appearance but in reality of the Monarch - of that same Monarch, under whom the so long and lately terminated time of suffering had place.
Well then, by means of those virtues of men of the military class the effect had been the placing the country under the government of those other men of the men of that other class - the functionaries belonging to the legislative department and under them the functionaries belonging to the executive department - the administrative and the judicial included.
Now then to making of the sacrifice in question the pursuing /promoting/ the true interest of the Spanish people at large, namely by the surrender of the burthensome dominion in question what is the sort of virtue which on the part of the functionaries in question would be requisite and necessary? It is no less than the sacrifice of the comparatively private interest the interest of the particular class of the personal interests of the several individuals belonging to it - to the public to the universal interest.
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Title: [[clxii. 72] 1820 May 13 Emancipation]Description: [clxii. 72] 1820 May 13 Emancipation Spanish '6. Rulers arguments '. Virtues no security But of virtue in this shape by the class of functionaries in question - or by any considerable proportion of individuals belonging to it what manifestation what exemplification has ever been given? I answer /The answer is/ - none whatever. To say this is not to utter reproach: it is not said that in any shape opposite to this virtue, vice has been exemplified. What is here said is simply a negative. No such virtue has been exemplified /manifested/. How should it have been? By no /any/ particular occasion /in any observed instance/ has the demand for it been created. Money, power, reputation - by sacrifice made of the matter of good in any of these shapes to the universal interest would the virtue in question call it what you will disinterestedness - self sacrifice - sacrifice of personal to universal interest have been manifested. As to what regards money nothing need here be said: neither on the one side nor on the other do any proofs /evidence/ present themselves. And so in regard to reputation: a sort of sacrifice just conceivable, and mentioned lest it should be suspected of being purposely omitted, but for which no demand is, in any ordinary state of things, likely to present itself. But as to what regards power. In what instance in any shape has any valuable[?] sacrifice been ever manifested? On the contrary the usual tokens of the disposition to afford to that universally insatiable appetite its appropriate gratifications have in every instance /on every occasion/ as far as circumstances permitted been manifested.
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Title: [[clxii. 81] 1820 May 27 Emancipation]Description: [clxii. 81] 1820 May 27 Emancipation Spanish '6. Rulers arguments Rulers virtues Conclusion of this '. But all of this makes no difference. In Spain there may be for aught I know as much /at this moment as much of what is called/ public virtue as human nature is capable of. But there is not - there can not be more: and all the public virtue that human nature is capable of is not sufficicent to stand against the temptation /incitement/ with which the possession of such a mass of dominion as that in question may in any part of it would operate in a direction and with a force such as would ensure the sacrifice of the whole peoples interest in relation to the points /point/ in question congruent to the particular interest of the class of Spanish rulers. That the truth of this persuasive proposition uncomfortable and unwelome as to many a man it may be may be the more compleatly out of doubt, I will here submit for consideration a few observations relative to the nature if men as such, observations the truth of which will not upon cool reflection /a close //strict//examination/ be found exposed to controversy.
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Title: [[clxiv. 98] 1820 June 20. Emancipation]Description: [clxiv. 98] 1820 June 20. Emancipation Spanish ?. Corruptive influence 1 Persons operated on 3. Persons operating? The hurt done to the interest of the people by the veto which their body can, apply, on every occasion, /apply/ to every thing that is for the interest of the people is still but small in comparison of the hurt done to it by the share the Members of it possess individually in the faculty of appointing and at intervals removing those who appear in the character of representatives of the people. A number little less than a majority, and which when joined to those who are partakers in the same particular and sinister interest always capable of /on every occasion sufficient to/ constituting a majority, possess thereby in themselves the whole of the power which in shew and pretence is lodged in and exercised by the House composed of those same Representatives; Thus in effect and operation the House of Commons, (it has been said, and if untruly let any one shew as much) the House of Commons is but another House of Lords. Thus it is that whichsoever of the three branches be considered into which /amongst which/ under our Constitution such as it is is divided - one individual and two public bodies the subject many are governed, and every thing that is or ought to be done to them on every occasion disposed of at the pleasure of a set of men /hands/ whose interest is in a state of point blank and unchangeable opposition to theirs - to the universal interest Of all these, together with such other functionaries who under the orders of the Monarch occupy the offices belonging to the department which in contradistinction to the legislative composed as above is termed the Executive, and in which are included and comprized the Administrative and the Judicial, is composed the body of the ruling few
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