date

1820 May 20 Emancipation Spanish
1820 May 20

Emancipation Spanish

'.7. Rulers gainers

'.4. Rulers gainers

4. Power - vengeance

4. Profit in the shape of power by application of it to the purpose of doing evil to any such persons to whom it happens to become objects of the means of vengeance, or of his ill-will in any other shape.

The gratification afforded by vengeance is the gratification afforded to ill-will - to the desire of producing unhappiness /suffering/ in another, in the case where this desire has for its origin the opinion that that other has been the author of evil to the man /individual/ in question - the possessor of the supposed power.

For /Of/ the giving exercise to this power of evil doing in this shape the means employed may be either in a direct way belonging to the superior functionary in question himself in virtue of his official situation, or it may be the continuation of the whole or of any part of the sum of the powers in all shapes possessed by the train of aspirants attracted to him as above.

If on the one hand an official situation draws with /to/ it, as above a train of obsequious friends, on the other hand so does it in various ways a correspondent train of advisors. The greater the number the [...?] and the quality of ill-will with reference to him possessed by the train of individuals, the more frequent will and the more frequently you and to the greater degree success[?] naturally to the endeavours employed by those adversaries to bring down upon him suffering in all imaginable shapes: and [...?] correspondently frequent the demand created for the exercise of the power of vengeance.
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    9. Profit by power through the medium of public esteem, respect, reputation, fame and so forth.

    1 of esteem and respect the existence[?] and value is /may be/ as[?] distinct from that of power. But

    Whatsoever quantity of power as which in these several shapes a man is or has been in possession of, profit in th esubtle and refined shapes there designated, in[?] [..?] /which howsoever/ in its amount is not the less real or the less perceptible in its effects, attaches itself itself of course to profit in that more substantial shape. Take two men, who /whom/ considered /frame of mind/ /call/ in every[?] personal and private point of view are as near as possibly the same, let /place/ one of them have occupied a public office to which power in a certain quantity is attached, which /let/ the other has never been in possession of any such office a higher degree of public esteem, respect, reputation call it what you will, will be sure to be possessed by the official than by the un-official person. Let the official person quit the office, a portion of this esteem, respect and reputation will leave him, but a portion will nevertheless remain to him.

    Note

    (a) Vengeance, inaptitude and impunity perhaps excluded

    (b) Napoleon, Joseph, Lewis, Jerome, as compared with Lucia Bonaparte: if to the first forementioned - the four Ex-Kings there be any one of them in relation to whom Lucia is in respect of profit in these shapes superior, it is in the personal character of the individuals that the cause of this superiority must be loked for.
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    7 Power - impunity

    8. Profit by power through the medium of impunity for individuals of all sorts for misrule /official misconduct/ in all shapes

    State superior in value to profit in the most profitable of all the abovementioned shapes, is the profit of impunity. The utmost suffering of which man is susceptible is much greater than /much more than equivalent to/ the utmost enjoyment of which man is susceptible. Supppose punishment endeavoured to be attached to the enjoyment /[...?]/ is the endeavour to enjoy at the expense of the public[?] /universal/ interest and welfare profit in all in every of the abovementioned three best[?] mentioned[?] shapes - preponderantly mischievous profit undue vengeance - undue ease, /profit by [...?]/ or profit by /in/ respect of relative inaptitude on the part of the incumbent. Suppose punishment attached to any or every such endeavour, and that notwithstanding the punishment it is still the interest of the individual to receive or pursue[?] the profit in these several shapes respectively attached to the office in these several shapes, take away the punishment, the encrease given to the value of the profit in these several shapes is manifest and proportionate and manifestly so.

    But the impunity which [...?] in this shape and in this quantity the profit is small indeed in comparison of the whole mass /that of the aggregate amount/ of impunity as measured by the extent and relative profitableness of the /all/ misdeeds which by means of the aggregateness[?] of power in the hands of the body of which the functionary in question is a member is[?] more[?] secured /[...?] in the enjoyment of. See below
  • Title: [1820 may 25 Emancipation Spanish]
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    4. Power - vengeance

    Vengeance supposes antecedent provocation: and provocation naturally leads to the supposition of injury: of undue suffering produced in the breast of one party /the one of two [...?] by the act of the other.

    But the desire of producing suffering in the breast of one party may have place in that of another may have place and to a most deplorable extent actually have place, without any thing that can present itself to any one in the shape /under the name/ of injury - of injury done to the other.

    If in this case the desire of producing suffering in the breast of another be to be termed vengeance, it must be termed vengeance produced by mere antipathy. It is at any rate a case where a desire of producing suffering in the breast of another is produced by mere antipathy, not produced in the mind of the antipathist by the supposition of any thing which by the antipathist himself could be spoken of as an injury done in any particular way, or as a provocation offered to himself.

    To these heads belong the cases of antipathy on the score of taste, antipathy on the score of opinion and in particular antipathy on the score of opinion on the subjects of government and religion.

    Of all modification /grounds/ of antipathy that which has difference of opinion on the subject of religion is the most important and the most transcendently mischievous and formidable. Be the provocation what it may vengeance on the score of personal provocation admitts of atonement, and through atonement the desire admitts of extinction, and the disagreement /[...?]/ of reconciliation. Antipathy on the score of religion admitts of no atonement, of no reconciliation. This placability which in other cases would be admitted to be a merit, would /is/ in this case be regarded and spoken of as a crime.