date

[clxii. 172] 1820 May 23 Emancipation
[clxii. 172]

1820 May 23

Emancipation Spanish

'. 7. Rulers gainers

4 Rulers gainers

10 Factitious dignity

So much for bad use /uses/, now as to good use /uses/ need of it there is none - there is not any where any need of it

No proof has ever been given - no proof can ever be given that with this sort of inducement of reward in prospect more and better service will be rendered in this or any other time will be evident than where there is no such instrument of reward in prospect.

The English with the new Duke of Wellington at their head and divers others by their side got the better of the French oftener than the French got the better of them. The Duke of Wellington got this Dukedom of his, at a time when under the apprehension of lowering the dignity of it so much as to sink the dignity of the children /men/ of the blood royal when invested with it, it had become a sort of maxim[?] of government to reserve it for this race /caste/ so essentially distinct from and presumably /incomparably/ superior to all others. But by no consideration /evidence/ can it be proved, or so much as in any degree rendered probable, that without any such reward in this shape - or any other factitious shape in propect whatsoever preeminance in skill and [...?] was displayed by this soldier would not have been equally displayed without it. Not to speak of reputation and so forth life itself would have been at stake without it, and as without life no instrument of felicity in any shape can be possessed, in this situation as in every other, the anxiety to preserve life without loss of reputation would have sufficed to call forth all the exertions that could be called forth, and D r Prices globes of solid gold, the produce of a farthing put out at interest could not command any thing more.
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  • Title: [[clxii. 173] 1820 May 23 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxii. 173]

    1820 May 23

    Emancipation Spanish

    '. 7. Rulers gainers

    '. 4. Rulers gainers

    10 Factitious dignity

    Military Order

    The English with the Duke of Wellington at their head got the better of the French. But the United-States men with General Jackson at their head got the better of those who got the better of the French. Had General Jackson had in prospect the dukedom of Wellington with the hundreds of thousand annexed to it for fear of its going a begging would he have killed wounded or taken so much a single man more than he had? Let him who thinks he can produce a [...?] for this assertion produce it

    When of whatever nations composed two armies engage, unless it is a drawn battle one or other can not but have the advantage

    In pursuance of their constant system the ruling few heap reward upon reward with a profusion to which there is no bounds, and then the cry is see what is to be done by reward! behold the exalting power of reward!

    When opposite to a French army headed by a General /commander/ with a French dukedom and its etceteras in possession or expectancy, stood an English army headed by a Commander with an English dukedom in possession or expectancy, unless the battle was a drawn one the one or the other could not fail to get the better. In either case would it by the Dukedom that the effect would be produced: that effect which of no such thing as a Dukedom had on either side ever been heard of could not fail to have had place? Would it in this case be because he had a Dukedom in his eye that the victor became victor? as well might you say /it be said/ it was because he had a handkerchief in his pocket.
  • Title: [[clxii. 166] 1820 May 20 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxii. 166]

    1820 May 20

    Emancipation Spanish

    ' 7. Rulers gainers

    To factitious may therefore be added spurious and [ ...]

    The association why states unhappy degree of such dignity It is a [...?] in the case of corrupters against the people.

    10. Profit in the shape of factitious dignity: i.e. of esteem, respect, honour, and reputation extracted by means of factitious dignity.

    Of Dignity in Latin dignitas, the literal translation in Englsih is worth. But factitious dignity in all its shapes may have place without worth in any shape

    What is called Natural dignity of character is possessed by /ascribed to/ man in virtue of /proportion to/ the opinion entertained by others of his /some/ superiority on his part over the /others/ general /average/ run of men in respect of those qualities by the contemplation of which the sentiments in question /as existing //having place// in the possession/ the sentiment of or affection designated /denoted/ by the word,

    esteem and respect, and others of kindred signification are called forth and pointed towards him /their object/ in such sort that he is the object of them: and the degree of it is in proportion to the degree of the qualities so ascribed.

    Dignity is worth, real or supposed, in these shapes in which it is productive of respect towards the person in question[?] at the [...?] hands of others independly of any mark set upon him by the Monarch or other rulers of the country for the purpose of causing such sentiments to be entertained towards /in relation/ him.

    In so far as the principle of utility is on this occasion taken for the guide, the natural dignity of a man's character would be in proportion to the degree in which he abstains from doing evil /deprave[?] amnyone/ preponderant evil to others and the degree in which he contributes to general felicity but in some way /such a degree/ which is either particular to himself or in which he has but few to share with him

    But though this principle is received and acted upon /taken for a guide/ to a considerable extent, and to a certain extent can not fail to be so, yet to this general rule, phantasia /fancy/ and prejudice have every where had the effect of producing but too many and too important exceptions.

    But by means of an association of ideas, naturally and even unavoidably but very unhappily stands established, these same sentiments, so beneficial to him who is the object of them, are excited by /are less capable of being and in use apt to be/ and pointed to a set /description/ of persons by whom no one of those qualities is in any degree possessed.

    The sort of instrument by which this association is established, is stiled a title of honour.

    In various countries this instrument may[?] be seen establishing itself in various shapes

     Exemplify this in England and Spain
  • Title: [[clxii. 178] 1820 May 23 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxii. 178]

    1820 May 23

    Emancipation Spanish

    '. 7. Rulers gainers

    '. 4 Rulers gainers

    Factitous dignity

    [...?] of parasite[?] Lord Wellington, of despotism, Lord Banks.

    To deprive men of these titles to /efficient causes of/ respect spurious as they are would be a harsh measure, and what is more not a possible one. Of power a man may be deprived: but of factitious dignity - and in particular of factitious dignity manufactured by this instrument, a man can not be deprived. Events that have had place you can not cause not to have had place: a man who instead of a Mister [...? [...?] with his surname after it has been in use to be spoken to by a Sir with his /a/ Christian name after it you can not cause him not to have been so spoken to

    But though in a direct way /mode/ this could not be done there is an indirect way /mode/ in which it might be done. Only by means of being an evidence /a cause/ of distinction, an attribute /a possession/ peculiar to a certain class of man Take away the distinction, you take away the factitious dignity: you have the possession of it a possession of no greater nor other quantity of respect than what his conduct and character suffice of themselves to cover /invest/ him with. /bestow upon him./ In England if all men[?] past and future were created baronets, there would be an end of baronetcy. In England, or In Spain if all men present and future were rendered Dukes, there would be an end of Dukedoms If all men were created Grandees of the first class there would be an end of Grandeeships of the first class. But the enoblement[?] it would be necessary should cover the whole field: otherwise what was taken from the class abolished /extinguished/ would be left and given to the classes not abolished and the people at large would be none the better for the change. If all men were made Grandees of the first class and the Grandeeship of the first class thus abolished, the Grandees of the second class would take their place. And this second state of the country would not be better than the first.