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[clxii. 175]
1820 May 23
Emancipation Spanish
'. 7. Rulers gainers
'. 4 Rulers gainers
10. Factitious dignity
Scarcely under any government but in a Monarchy is this instrument in use: and according as the Monarchy is of the pure or the mixt sort the case is /effects of it are/ considerably different.
Under a pure monarchy it can hardly be said to produce any mischievous effect. Under a pure Monarchy there is so much mischief done by more potent injuries - that there is no room for any more Under /For fulfilling the purpose of/ a pure Monarchy punishment /the matter of force/ is of itself nearly /comparatively/ sufficient: as there is nothing good there is nothing to corrupt: as the people have none that so much as pretend to care for them, to advocate /support/ their cause /interest/ there are none on whom it is necessary to operate for the purpose of inducing /to induce/ them to betray that /the/ universal interest.
In a mixt Monarchy is the great and almost the sole demand for it: the /a/ demand for it for the purpose of engaging /practising //operating// upon/ those who are [...?] to be and are stiled as guardians of the peoples interest and so causing them to betray their trust.
But as in a mixt Monarchy as in a pure monarchy the interests of the chief ruler are repugnant to and absolutely irreconcilable with those of the people whom he rules. In addition therefore to these other instruments, without which neither that nor any other form of government can support itself, it is smaller and ineffectual instrument in his hands applicable to the same pernicious purposes.
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Title: [[clxiv. 268] 1820. Sept. 5. 1822 Aug]Description: [clxiv. 268] 1820. Sept. 5. 1822 Aug. 9 Inapplicable or Superseded Emancipation Spanish /Constitut Code/ Summary ? Corruptive influence? or ? Domination impossible? GG. If you cannot exclude Monarchy, minimize its power. If Naples prefers your Constitutional Monarchy to a Republic, it /Monarchy/ is best for her: if Sicily prefers a Republic to your Constitutional Monarchy, it /a Republic/ is best for her. Would to God I /Oh that I could but see/ both countries united in any form! united under a Constitutional Monarchy, or under a Republic, or the one under the one form of government the other under the other. At this distance I can not take upon me to be sure /to say/ that these men were in the wrong, who in Spanish America used their endeavours to establish a Constitutional Monarchy under a different Monarch in preference to a Republic. To /For/ all Candidates for office /who look to office/ true it is that a Monarchy is beyond comparison better than a Republic and for the same reason a mixt Monarchy better than a pure one. True. But in this or that particular State it follows not that mixt Monarchy only because it is best for the influential few is relatively a bad one: for if no better is to be had it is best for the subject many likewise. In a Republic there are no needless or overpaid offices, because there is no Corrupter-General to employ the pay of them in paying /luring/ the Representatives of the people to betray their trust, and join with him in plundering their constituents. In a pure Monarchy though the pride and vanity of the Monarch [...?] needless Offices, it is only through the /his/ indolence and negligence of the Monarch if there be any overpaid ones: for as there exists no man to whom any declared resistance can be opposed to his will can be opposed, so there is no one in whose instance resistance requires to be softened. As to a republic, so it be at once practicable and palatable what makes me prefer it to a mixt Monarchy is that not only a /is the best/ mixt Monarchy is not only not so good as a republic at the first, but that by its very nature it is destined to grow worse and worse: worse and worse till by repose it sinks into a pure Monarchy, as ours has so long been sinking, or by convulsion rises into a republic, as ours, if ever it rises at all, seems destined to rise. A republic (bating extraneous accident such as all governments and all men are exposed /liable/ to) will in proportion as it changes, grow better and better, because there is something to make it better till it arrives at the best and nothing in it to make it worse. A pure Monarchy can not grow worse, because /for/ it is at all times at the worst. A mixt Monarchy alone is by its very nature destined to change, and that only one way, namely by less bad to worse. It is made worse and worse, by every man added to the army under the Monarch, and by every penny added to the taxes. By the every man it is made the more tyrannical; by the every penny it is made the more corrupt, and by every armed man not only the more tyrannical but the more corrupt: for to encrease the army is to encrease not only force but patronage.
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Title: [[clxiv. 123] 1820. May 16 Emancipation]Description: [clxiv. 123] 1820. May 16 Emancipation Spanish. ult o ?.8. Corruptive effect ?.4. Rulers gainers ?.8 Of the dominion in question, the operation of corruptive influence to the destruction of whatsoever there is that is good in the Constitution, would sooner or later an inevitable result. 11 Profit in the shape of power of corruption: of giving by the influence of corruption of direction given to the matter of corruption, direction - sinister direction to the conduct of the representatives of the people Of power in this shape the use to the possessor is the securing to him and his connections in point of interest in possession and expectancy, profit in all those other shapes that have been mentioned. Power in this shape is an article peculiar to a mixt constitution in which in conjunction /connection/ with a function or functionaries not chosen by the people at large, but succeeding one to another in the way of natural succession functionaries chosen by the people at large have a share. It is the interest of the people at large, that the quantity of money taken from the people and placed at the disposal of their rulers and from the purpose of affording subsistence and gratification and exemption from evil in every shape, to the people at large to any other purpose than that of security for that subsistence and that gratification and exemption and thence that the profit derived from it in all three shapes be as small as possible. But it is the interest of these same rulers that the quantity so placed at their proposal[?] and of that same profit in all its shapes be as great as possible. In a pure Monarchy, the external instruments of felicity in all those several shapes have respectively but one value and so in a pure Commonwealth. In a mixt government in addition to that universal value they have a special value: a value in the character of instruments of corruption: instruments of corruption not only applicable but, without need of human operation /exertion/, actually and constantly applying themselves to the breasts of the representatives of the people, self-stiled guardians of the interest of the people: applying themselves in such sort as to engage these self-acknowledged trustees in a /the/ constant habit of betraying their trust
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Title: [[clxii. 171] 1820 May 23 Emancipation]Description: [clxii. 171] 1820 May 23 Emancipation Spanish '. 7. Rulers gainers 10 Factitious dignity If there were a case in which titles of honour and other instruments of factitious dignity were really useful - were really contributing to the production of meritorious service production of preponderant benefit to the community at large it would be the case in /of/ what is bestowed upon men belonging to the military profession But even in this case the effects of it may be pronounced so much pure evil - it may safely be asserted it produces /of it that it produces/ considerable evil and no good in any shape
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