date

[clxiv. 86] 1820 May 29 Emancipation
[clxiv. 86]

1820 May 29

Emancipation Spanish

Thus stands the case as to pure representative democracy. But your form of government my friend yours is not /as yet at least/ a pure representative democracy. It is a mixt Monarchy: a mixt Monarchy composed of Monarchy and Democracy with little or no /but a slight tincture/ of Aristocracy. The official power in the hands of the Monarch and his advisers: the elective power in appearance and to a greater or less degree in reality, in the hands of the otherwise subject multitude.

Now then see what sort of a thing a Mixt Monarchy is.

Punch, the sort of beverage which originated in England, and was for some time peculiar to England - Punch, according to the doctrine put by the jest-book into the mouth of a Frenchman, is the liquor of contradiction: there is the brandy to make it strong, there is the water to make it weak, there is the lemon to make it sower, there is the sugar to make it sweet.

With at least equal truth and to somewhat greater use, a mixt monarchy may be said to be the constitution of contradictions money power and factitious dignity. There is the elective power in the hands of the subject many to make /secure on the part of/ the sharers of the legislative branch of the efficient /operative/ power the due fulfilment of that duty /brief/ there is the administrative branch of the efficient /or operative/ power the aggregate mass of the external instruments of felicity and objects of universal desire, in the character of the matter of corruptive influence in all its shapes and in the whole of its amount to secure on the part of those same trustees the violation of their trust.
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  • Title: [[clxiv. 89] 1820 May 29 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxiv. 89]

    1820 May 29

    Emancipation Spanish

    /ZA/ Quere whether to insert this page?

    Taken as it is /stands at present/ your Constitution I have said is that of a mixt Monarchy: and of that sort for which its principal and sole efficient ingredients has Monarchy and /with/ representative democracy.

    As to the English I know not very well what to call it. If it be a mixt Monarchy /setting aside a little contraband and ever precarious liberty of the press/ it is a mixt Monarchy with /so far as concerns the subject many/ the effect of a pure despotism. That along with the Monarchy there is no effective representative democracy - no no representative democracy capable of temporizing the acerbity of it is but too certain. If it be a mixture it is with some of the forms of representative democracy, a mixture of Monarchy with Aristocracy: the Monarchical or the Aristocratical branch predominating according to the ever changeable /mental/ character of individuals on both sides, the sport of the people being at all times divided between them in proportionally /correspondently/ changing proportions: but by any check which the rapacity of the aristocracy may oppose to the rapacity of the advisers of the Monarch, no diminution applied to the loss no assuageant applied to the sufferings of the people, only variation made in the proportion in which the matter /[...?]//fruits/ of plunderage are divided among the sharers.

    At one tine the appearance of what was termed the representatives of the people having more or less of ground with reality in it the mixture of Monarchy and Aristocracy had a further mixture of representative democracy in it. But for a long time some time past the mixture of democracy has had no place, otherwise than in form and pretence: the elective power of the democracy has been absorbed into the aristocracy; and the aristocracy, as such not having the immediate command over any part of the public money, to the advisers of the Monarch, constantly sells its power to the sharers in the administrative branch of the efficient power, to the Monarch and his advisers, the price varying each and every day according to the state of the market: according to the strengths of negative wills on both sides.
  • Title: [[clxvii. 222] 1821 Jan y 31.]
    Description: [clxvii. 222]

    1821 Jan y 31.

    Rid Yourselves

    '.3 Creoles unwilling

    We have an old jest-book story of a Frenchman's account of the English beverage called punch. There was the brandy, to make it strong: there was the water to make it weak: there was the lemon juice to make it sower; there was the sugar to make it sweet: in a word, it was the liquor of contradiction. Spaniards In this liquor, you may behold the architype of your Constitutional Code so much of it as applies itself to the dominion over Ultramaria.
  • Title: [[clxvii. 86] 1821 March 22]
    Description: [clxvii. 86]

    1821 March 22

    Rid Yourselves

    Anti Constitut.

    Corruptive influence

    Public Credit has mitigated despotism: but promotes the establishment of it by corruption

    In a word in every Government in which in addition to a set of functionaries dependent on the people, there is another set not dependent on but independent of the people, the power of the people over those Agents who were originally their dependents will be nullified /overpowered/ /overborne/ by that power which is out of their dependence

    A government thus mixt of this mixt kind has therefore within its texture the seeds of certain dissolution. Pure Monarchy and pure representative democracy, these are the only forms of government which in their texture and barring accidents are capable of maintaining /continuing/ their existence to the end of time: pure monarchy if the light of [...?] /[...?] improvement/ be effectually excluded from it: pure representative democracy under and by the virtue of such light.

    Spaniards the government which in virtue of the auspicious change is yours is still of the mixt kind: and, purification apart, is doomed to perish, and to perish by the means of corruptive influence.

    I shall not on the present occasion enter into those details which would be necessary to the giving /presenting/ to you /bringing to your view/ a compleat as well as correct and clear account of the nature and irresistible force of this same political poison corruptive influence. On the present occasion this topic comes in only as it were by a side wind: since the effect of the Ultramarian claim is - not to give existence to this political poison, but only to give encrease /addition/ to the quantity and efficiency of it, and acceleration to the destructive effect of it.