date

[clxiv. 98] 1820 June 20. Emancipation
[clxiv. 98]

1820 June 20.

Emancipation Spanish

?. Corruptive influence

1 Persons operated on

3. Persons operating?

The hurt done to the interest of the people by the veto which their body can, apply, on every occasion, /apply/ to every thing that is for the interest of the people is still but small in comparison of the hurt done to it by the share the Members of it possess individually in the faculty of appointing and at intervals removing those who appear in the character of representatives of the people. A number little less than a majority, and which when joined to those who are partakers in the same particular and sinister interest always capable of /on every occasion sufficient to/ constituting a majority, possess thereby in themselves the whole of the power which in shew and pretence is lodged in and exercised by the House composed of those same Representatives; Thus in effect and operation the House of Commons, (it has been said, and if untruly let any one shew as much) the House of Commons is but another House of Lords.

Thus it is that whichsoever of the three branches be considered into which /amongst which/ under our Constitution such as it is is divided - one individual and two public bodies the subject many are governed, and every thing that is or ought to be done to them on every occasion disposed of at the pleasure of a set of men /hands/ whose interest is in a state of point blank and unchangeable opposition to theirs - to the universal interest

Of all these, together with such other functionaries who under the orders of the Monarch occupy the offices belonging to the department which in contradistinction to the legislative composed as above is termed the Executive, and in which are included and comprized the Administrative and the Judicial, is composed the body of the ruling few
Similar Items
  • Title: [[clxiv. 96] 1820 June 20 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxiv. 96]

    1820 June 20

    Emancipation Spanish

    ?. Corruptive influence

    1. Persons operated on

    3. Persons operating?

    2. In a mixt Monarchy - in a Monarchy in such sort mixt, as that a certain class /description/ of men who are stiled representatives of the people, and who, to a certain extent, commonly are so, are in some way or other sharers with the Monarch, and without his appointment, in the powers of government, these representatives of the people are commonly /frequently/ stiled, and not unfrequently confess or even profess themselves to be Trustees for the people.

    It is of the essence of trusteeship, or at any rate of any benefit than can be derived from it by any person other than the trustee, that by or for the benefit of the principal or principals (as they are called) for whom he is in trust he should upon occasion be removable

    In the English House of Commons, in profession all the trustees are not only appointed but removable by those for whom they are in trust. In fact some of them are But those who are compose no more than a small minority: /a number never large enough to produce any effect:/ the great majority are like the King /just as is the Monarch/ irremovable.

    Besides the irremovable part of the House of Commons we have a whole legislative Assembly - a whole House as it is called, of which all the Members are irremoveable.
  • Title: [27 Dec r 1816 Necessity Cat]
    Description: 27 Dec r 1816

    Necessity Cat

    2

    Question 6 Is not that admiration well-grounded?

    A. It is well grounded in so far as the share which the people at large possess in appearance is in reality possessed by them: it is ill grounded in so far as the share which in appearance is possessed by them is in reality not possessed by them.

    Question 7 In what consists the appearance of the share which they have in appearance?

    A. In this: viz. that the supreme power of government can not be exercised but with the concurrence in each instance of the majority of the Assembly: the House of Commons, the Members of which are all of them spoken of as /by the common name appellation/ the Representatives of the people, and who are some of them in fact chosen each of them by considerable numbers of the people.

    Question 8 How is it that any share which in appearance {not name} is possessed by the people is not possessed by them in reality.

    {A. It is possessed in reality no further than in as far as the persons stiled their representatives have the same interest with the universal interest, not predominated over by but predominant over every interest adverse to that universal interest, and in particular over every adverse interest capable of being created by the influence of the separate and sinister interest of the Monarch.}

    A. It is possessed in reality only on the supposition that and in so far as the conduct of the representatives of the people is determined by the will of their constituents.

     For illustration give the case of the Agent of an individual.
  • Title: [[clxiv. 74] 1820 July 12 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxiv. 74]

    1820 July 12

    Emancipation Spanish

    Introduction

    3. But that aversion, even supposing it universally surmounted and for the moment even changed into desire, by the intelligence of the happy change that has taken place, will revive, and go on encreasing till it becomes general: for that the arrangement will be, and will be generally seen to be, sensibly and irremediably hostile to the interest of the generality in every such province.

    4. True it is, that, notwithstanding it were thus ever so repugnant to the interests of both yourselves and the Europeans and Americans that the Americans should be under the dominion of your rulers, it would be for the interest of your rulers, whoever they may be, not only to accept of the submission in so far as it was offered, but even to engage and employ you as long as possible, in the endeavour to procure and maintain it by force.

    5. Whatsoever suffering /mischief/ might on the above or any other account /shape/ be produced by the dominion to the interest of you the subject many in Spain it would be a small matter in comparison of the mischief that would be done by it to the Constitution, by means of corruptive influence: by means of that corruptive influence by means of which without need of any actual communication on any individual occasion, the representatives of the people will to a certainty, the majority of them be as in England and in France be engaged in the habit of blind obsequiousness as towards those, who ever they may be at whose /who would have at their/ disposal official power, official emolument and factitious dignity would be placed.