date

[clxiv. 214] 1820 July 3 Emancipation
[clxiv. 214]

1820 July 3

Emancipation Spanish

?.8. Corruptive influence

Ends and Means of Governm t

Means

a stone idol is harmless compared to one living

Stone eats nothing oppresses [...? ...?] as when it does not [...?] etc

Every person acquiescing in such imposture is tainted with it

Till you have made application of the matter of reward by fear of matter of punishment alone without defeasible possession or eventual expectation of matter of reward, it is never in your power to know to what perfection the service you wish for is according to the nature of it capable of being rendered. By fear of punishment a Monarch might have made Cabalonia[?] sing or Vestris dance: but had that been the instrument and the only instrument employed, the singing would have been no better than screaming, the dancing than tumbling.

Unless the faces he has surrounded with had now and then spite of all fears a smile upon them, the bearers /wearers/ instead of being play things for the grown baby would be nuisances to him - smiles produced by /of/ agony may be forced, but smiles produced by alacrity must be purchased.

From these and other causes so it is that no Monarch even the most frugal one can do every thing by punishment can do altogether without reward. Not Even Frederic the great of Prussia by whom the whip and the stick were employed upon so many hundred thousand backs with such admirable effect. Four hundred thousand slaves so well fitted for cutting the throats of men would not suffice for his entertainment without four Cooks: four Cooks each the culinary glory /flavour/ of a different empire /nation/: a French, a German, and Italian: let some kind pen or tongue supply the fourth. No one of these artists could have been procured by the bayonet or the whip: nor if he had been would the [...?] have been much the better for him. The ten thousand Invalids so recently added to the 100,000 veterans might serve George the fourth /another Monarch/ to kill radicals, but they would not serve him to build palaces with, nor in another way to kill time with.
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    ?. Interests Opposite

    Not that by this subserviency of the subject many to the will governed /guided/ /determined/ by the separate and sinister interest of the supremely ruling one, the authors /supporters and propagators/ of the imposture - his advisers in possession or in expectancy would be gainers, were it in his power to make /as compleatly to make/ to such his will and interest a sacrifice as compleat of their interests as of those of the subject many. But no such compleat sacrifice ever is it, or ever can it be in his power to make. Of the aggregate of these same instruments of felicity not an atom can he at any time get or retain in his possession but by the intervention of subservient hands /a multitude of subservient individuals/. To each of these individuals according to the situation he occupies and the means belonging to that situation, a share must be allowed: a share in the matter composed of the external instruments of felicity, operating in this way /on this occasion/ in the character of the matter of reward. By punishment were it in the nature of the matter of punishment to be sufficient to such a purpose, the end might indeed be compassed by the ruling one without expence to him. But though by fear of punishment alone service in some shapes may be produced and in any quantity, as witness Negro and all other slavery, yet by this harsh instrument it is not in all shapes that service can be produced. Moreover governing by punishment alone, the Monarch would behold no faces but frowning ones: governing more by reward than punishment he beholds none but smiling ones: and as by frowning faces in view, felicity is diminished, so by smiling ones it is encreased.
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    Per contra, what shall we find to set against that loss - to set on the profit side, for the purpose of striking a balance? If we may believe that some intelligent, well-informed and [...?] searching and scrutinizing traveller, exactly nothing.......0

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    What the speech closes with is an allusion to facts {to facts} which were within

    the knowledge of the hearers but not within mine. I must therefore imagine

    /infer/ the facts, /as well as I/ and speak of what I have imagined /inferred/.

    ‘Excesses of the people … by which the bar of the Assembly has been invaded.’ –

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    appropriate remedy I have to propose even this is more than I have need to know.

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    be without one. To determine /speak of/ the number belongs not to a situation

    such as mine: only that it should be adequate. By some /this or that/ error in

    judgment – by this or that misinformation as to fact, a minute portion of the

    nation might in this way be led into conduct no less opposite to the wishes of

    the great remainder than to its interests: So great is the mischief for which a

    moment may suffice momentary tyranny at the hands of a section of the subject

    many requires no less to be guarded against than permanent mischief at the hands

    of the ruling few. If it be for the protection of the Assembly that it is

    designed, it is under the command of the President of the Assembly that the

    guard should always be. From a guard so employed who is there that could have

    any thing to fear? The Monarch? If five hundred men out of the Army compose the

    guard, under his command remains the vast remainder. The people? If they have

    any thing to fear /cause of fear/ from five hundred men under the command of the

    removable Deputies of their own choice, what have they not to fear from the

    fifty thousand under the command of the Monarch whom they neither chose nor can

    remove? During the eight months during which the Cortes sleeps, there is a

    Committee of the Cortes that is, or at least may be, awake. Exposed to the same

    dangers the Committee will require the same security.