[clxiv. 220]

1820 July 6

Emancipation Spanish

?.8. Corruptive influence

Corruption without corrupter

1 War. 2. Denial of justice - delay vexation and expence

Case the first. It is in virtue of a preestablished connection or harmony [...?] public mischief and private profit that interest is set in opposition to duty, and the sinister sacrifice accordingly made. /Case the first. The opposition that has place between the interest of the public functionaries in question and the universal interest, and thence and in so far between that private interest and their public duty, and by means of the predominance of that sinister interest over the only interest to which in this case the term legitimate interest can with propriety be applied has for its cause a preestablished harmony and connection between the public mischief on the one hand and the private profit on the other.

The sinister sacrifice has for its cause a preestablished harmony or connection between the public mischief and the private profit: in so much that to give birth to the two effects thus conjoined and linked together no punishable offence, no misdeed dealt with by the law as such is on the part of any individual necessary./

Example 1. War and its miseries[?] From the commencement or continuance of war, and thence of the vast and boundless mass of suffering produced by it, profit derived to public functionaries in a variety of high and influential situations.

Example 2/5/. A vitious constitution or form of government: a form which sits in direct opposition to the universal interest, and thence in so far as they acknowledge themselves to have a duty, to their duty, the private interest of almost every individual who has any part /share/ in the supreme power, thereby securing on every occasion their concurrence in the sinister sacrifice

Example 3/2/. Dominion over Distant dependencies. The practice of preserving and extending the dominion of the ruling functionaries over distant dependencies all over the surface of the globe: and this not only without profit to the subject many by diminution of the taxes, but with loss and suffering by encrease of taxes to a vast amount

Example 4/3/. Maintenance of claims of dominion over the inhabitants and thence over the governments of foreign nations, on every occasion /instance/ on which they have occasion to pass over or on the sea - the common highway of all the inhabitants of the earth.
Similar Items
  • Title: [1822 April 9 Rid Yourselves]
    Description: 1822 April 9

    Rid Yourselves

    Spaniards! It is by the view of a conflict of this sort in some of

    the most influential breasts, that the demand for this Letter has been suggested. Two

    of the ruling and most highly influential situations you will see, in each of which,

    while you will see the functionary acting under the conjunct influence of two

    mutually repugnant: the one a perpetual one, acting in support of the claim in

    question, and thence if my view of the subject is the correct one, acting in

    opposition to your interests: the other an incidental and temporary interest, acting

    in opposition to the claim, and thence in favour of your interest; the former

    accordingly a sinister interest, the latter a right and proper interest.

    These situations are 1. that of Monarch, including those of his

    personal dependencies 2. That of the Ecclesiastical order. The sinister interest is

    constituted by the appetite for power, wealth, and the other sweets of government, in

    the breasts of the functionaries themselves: the right and proper interest is

    constituted by the demand for retrenchment: the demand made by the irresistible

    exigencies of the state for a sacrifice to be made of the particular interests of

    these same privileged orders in respect of money, to be made of course at the expence

    of those particular interests at the expence of which it may be affected with least

    detriment to the universal interest.

    A third situation you will at the same time see, in which, in respect

    to this great question there is but one interest, and that in alliance with yours:

    the situation of the Public Creditor. Unhappily, to this

    situation no such power stands attached as is comparable to

    that of the two others.

    Not only so, but in the instance of every individual, is the

    aggregate of his interests composed of and thus distinguishable into particular

    interests, each one of them liable to be in a state of repugnance to every other.

    Accordingly, scarce a day in his life, in which the breast of each individual is not

    the theatre of a confict between repugnant interests. Take for example pecuniary

    interest in the aggregate, and the interest corresponding to the gratification sought

    by the expenditure of each one of the several sums disbersed.

    Spaniards!
  • Title: [1820 June 10 Emancipation Spanish]
    Description: 1820 June 10

    Emancipation Spanish

    Ult

    '.7. Rulers gainers

    Of the vastness of the amount of the loss and suffering to the subject many, from this distant disastrous dominion some general conception has, it is hoped, been already given; vast the loss and suffering independently of all war, and even suffering as such war /no war from that cause/ ever to have place. Of the vastness of the profit that could not but be extracted, and in so great a variety of shapes out of that loss, and this in such sort that, to the obtainment of the profit, production of loss in a vast ratio to the profit, is necessary /indispensable/, it remains to convey such conceptions as can be conveyed, under the present head.

    In this profit, /you/ the subject many will see the main cause of that propensity, to which as they value and understand and value their own interest, the subject many will have to combat and with all their power: the propensity to [...?] distant dependencies for their own sake and for the sake of war, for the sake of the profit immediately derivable fro them immediately, and for the sake of the profit derivable from them intermediately through the medium of wars and constant preparation for war: and conversely the propensity to engage in war for the purpose of perpetuating /securing/ and encreasing of giving security and encrease to their dominion over distant dependencies.

    Immediately or unimmediately the source of their sinister profit that would be derived from this dominion, will be seen to come and is the denomination of power - encrease of power. From the dominion in question vast profit indeed would go to Spain - that the sole source of it being the addition made by it to the profit of the rulers - profit considered /taken/ in the largest [...?] and taken in all shapes - the whole of it would be received and enjoyed by the rulers, and that attendant every particle of it with much much more their equivalent loss to the subject many, and thence to the whole community taken together.
  • Title: [13 Jan y 1817 Necessity Cat]
    Description: 13 Jan y 1817

    Necessity Cat

    1 Theory

    ยง.4. Probity how securable

    4

    Q. 4. True: and that he should on any occasion deviate into any such sinister course, is consequently in the eyes of every one by whom the end in question is regarded as the sole proper end, altogether undesirable. But into this /any /no/ such/ sinister course he will never /will he ever/ deviate, unless where and in so far as, compared with his share in the universal interest, this self-regarding this personal and this separate and this sinister {his} interest is the strongest: - think you that he will?

    A. No: but unfortunately on many not to say most occasions such will be the case. The separate interest it is all his own, the universal interest he has millions upon millions of individuals /human beings/ to share with him in: the more concentrated will always overpower /overbear/ and predominate over the more diluted interest. His own personal interest is interest in its most di[?] concentrated state: the universal interest in what is here the object then comes in competition with his own individual personal interest his share in the universal interest - is interest in its most diluted state.

    The case of this sort of public partnership is exactly, with no other difference than that which is constituted by /consists in/ the difference in numbers, exactly the same case as that of a private partnership. If by any line of conduct by which his share in the partnership concern /estate/ would sustain a loss to the amount of one hundred pound his separate estate would obtain a profit to the amount of two hundred pound, here you see is a manifest opposition between self-regarding interest and that branch of social duty between his personal interest and his share in the common interest - here is at any rate a temptation to sacrifice to interest that branch of social duty - here is a sinister interest which as between pecuniary interest on the one part and pecuniary interest on the other part is the more concentrated interest the stronger interest, and that by which as such setting aside any such tutelary interests, legal moral and religious as may happen to operate in his bosom with more or less force, can not but be the prevalent one, and that in such sort as that the line of his conduct shall be determined by it.