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PRIVATE
Constit. France 1792-3
The faculty of All Government depends upon /is constituted by/ the disposition to obedience.
The surest pledge of disposition is habit.
Disposition as far as depends upon reason can be looked for only from the privileged few /superiorly instructed and enlightened few/
Disposition as far as results /resulting/ from habit may be looked for from the many.
There is no virtue in absolute monarchy, mixt monarchy or republicanism distinct from utility
In England it is /is and long has been/ a crime to endure any other sort of government than the particular sort of mixt monarchy there established In France it is at present a still greater crime to endure any thing but a democratical republic.
The first end or object is security: the next is equality.
Security stands before equality: because where there is most inequality, no man's condition, the condition of the lowest is not so bad, but that want of security may make it worse.
Civil liberty is comprehended in security.
What has contributed most to raise the passion for political liberty is its having obtained the same name of liberty with the civil.
Political liberty, even in its utmost conceivable state of perfection, is not itself an ultimate /a proper/ end of government: it is valuable only as a means to the two ultimate ends of security and equality.
A Republic requires more intelligence than even a mixt monarchy: as it is the bulk who govern, things will never go on well till even the bulk are well informed.
If once it is well established it promises to be the most lasting of governments: for there is nothing beyond.
The Euthanasia of the British Constitution is a Republic.
The French in forming a Republic are sacrificing the happiness of the present generation to that of the future.
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Title: [[clxiv. 269] 1820. Sept r. 6]Description: [clxiv. 269] 1820. Sept r. 6 Emancipation Spanish Summary. ?. Corruptive influence or Domination impossible? It follows not that because where circumstances admitt of it a Republic is the only good form of government, your rulers did wrong in putting up with a Monarchy or that they would not have done wrong had they tried for a republic. Had they made any such experiment, I can not /I feel how incompetent I am to/ see /see not/ what chance they could have had to bring /of bringing/ it to bear. Now the Mixt Monarchy is on its legs, as little do I see what chance there could be of preponderant good, from any attempt to overturn /overthrow/ it. All I mean to say is - that whatever change there is /should there be any change/, just so far as it operates in favour of the Monarchical or the Aristocratical part /Monarchy or Aristocracy/ its effects will be evil, just in so far as it operates /its operation is/ in favour of the power of the people, good: and that as by insensible changes when once established it can not fail to be brought nearer to /back in its way to/ despotism, so by sensible changes, so they be not violent ones when and as opportunity offers, to bring it nearer to republicanism, the opportunity should not be suffered to pass /let slip/ unimproved.
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Title: [[clxiv. 268] 1820. Sept. 5. 1822 Aug]Description: [clxiv. 268] 1820. Sept. 5. 1822 Aug. 9 Inapplicable or Superseded Emancipation Spanish /Constitut Code/ Summary ? Corruptive influence? or ? Domination impossible? GG. If you cannot exclude Monarchy, minimize its power. If Naples prefers your Constitutional Monarchy to a Republic, it /Monarchy/ is best for her: if Sicily prefers a Republic to your Constitutional Monarchy, it /a Republic/ is best for her. Would to God I /Oh that I could but see/ both countries united in any form! united under a Constitutional Monarchy, or under a Republic, or the one under the one form of government the other under the other. At this distance I can not take upon me to be sure /to say/ that these men were in the wrong, who in Spanish America used their endeavours to establish a Constitutional Monarchy under a different Monarch in preference to a Republic. To /For/ all Candidates for office /who look to office/ true it is that a Monarchy is beyond comparison better than a Republic and for the same reason a mixt Monarchy better than a pure one. True. But in this or that particular State it follows not that mixt Monarchy only because it is best for the influential few is relatively a bad one: for if no better is to be had it is best for the subject many likewise. In a Republic there are no needless or overpaid offices, because there is no Corrupter-General to employ the pay of them in paying /luring/ the Representatives of the people to betray their trust, and join with him in plundering their constituents. In a pure Monarchy though the pride and vanity of the Monarch [...?] needless Offices, it is only through the /his/ indolence and negligence of the Monarch if there be any overpaid ones: for as there exists no man to whom any declared resistance can be opposed to his will can be opposed, so there is no one in whose instance resistance requires to be softened. As to a republic, so it be at once practicable and palatable what makes me prefer it to a mixt Monarchy is that not only a /is the best/ mixt Monarchy is not only not so good as a republic at the first, but that by its very nature it is destined to grow worse and worse: worse and worse till by repose it sinks into a pure Monarchy, as ours has so long been sinking, or by convulsion rises into a republic, as ours, if ever it rises at all, seems destined to rise. A republic (bating extraneous accident such as all governments and all men are exposed /liable/ to) will in proportion as it changes, grow better and better, because there is something to make it better till it arrives at the best and nothing in it to make it worse. A pure Monarchy can not grow worse, because /for/ it is at all times at the worst. A mixt Monarchy alone is by its very nature destined to change, and that only one way, namely by less bad to worse. It is made worse and worse, by every man added to the army under the Monarch, and by every penny added to the taxes. By the every man it is made the more tyrannical; by the every penny it is made the more corrupt, and by every armed man not only the more tyrannical but the more corrupt: for to encrease the army is to encrease not only force but patronage.
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