date

1820. Sept. 9 Emancipation Spanish
1820. Sept. 9

Emancipation Spanish

' 11 Creoles rule Spain

' 11 Creolia should rule Spain

Topic[?] 2. Custom no [...?] Against [...?] [...?] always will its constitution. 3.

Brant a precedent.

'. One betrter ground might Spanish America claim to exercise dominion over Spain,

than Spanish rulers over Spanish America.

Weak as are the strongest reasons that couold be given why the rulers of either

country should rule /be rulers/ over the other. Yet if for any such wide-stretching

dominion any ground in the field of reason or argument could be made on either side,

it would be on the side of Spanish America and not on the side of Spain Yes better

argument: and that not merely on the gbround of the principle of utility but on the

ground of the Constitution itself: for such is the excellence /the peculiar

excellence/ of the constitution, these two are one in the spot in question.

From the constitution. What is the declared the only proper "object of the

government" which it established? what "is the end" the only proper end and "of all

political society? Nothing but "the happiness"... The welfare says Article 13 of the individuals of which it is composed": of all the individuals says the translation: and

interpretation, inserted for explanation: and interpretation but not at any rate a

misrepresentation so at least let us hope For my own part I fear not /have no

apprehension/ that the interpretation will be disavowed.

Of the individuals or of all the individuals - take it either way. As mear it can be

/in the nature of things it can possibly/ be provided for, how is it that the welfare

/happiness/ of all the indivduals is to be the provided for? Where /In so far as/

interests clash - where /in so far as/ an individual can not be made more happy

without anothers being made less so - by providing for the greatest happiness of the

greatest number.
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    '10 Spanish America has better claim to exercise dominion over Spain, than Spain

    over Spanish America.

    Better Creolia rule Spain.

    1820 August 13

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    Summary

    Creoles claim as good

    Now then if in respect of the influence of the dominion in question in the interests

    of those over whom it is claimed to be exercised the claim presents itself to me as

    untenable presents itself in that light to one who has no [...?] of interest with

    them beyond what he has with any other equal portion of mankind - to one who wishes

    to render his humble services useful to yourselves have already been made manifest by

    the most effectual means in his power - what is the light in which the claim is

    likely to present itself to the individuals themselves - to any of them to whose

    interests it is in their judgment adverse.

    On what ground then will you place [?] your claim to see your ruler rule over them

    1. Is it on the ground of custom?

    Supposing custom /the plea/ capable of standing /over ruling/ against utility

    against the greatest happiness of the greatest number how / what/ would it avail you?

    It lies broken by yourselves. By custom misrule is the perfection of its worst forms

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  • Title: [[clxiv. 76] 1820 July 11 Emancipation]
    Description: [clxiv. 76]

    1820 July 11

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    Now, my friends, forgive me, if you can, when I declare to you that in all this and abundance more in the same stream of /generality/ vague generalities, I am unable to discover any thing like a substantial reason the rulers /why those who rule/ over the inhabitants in one of the two hemispheres spoken of should exercise dominon in any shape over the inhabitants of the other.

    If selfishness and injustice are to be imputed, to whom are they with most and plainest reason to be imputed? To him who seeks to exercise dominion over another, and to put him to death rather than not obtain it, or to him who is content with remaining himself in a state of freedom, without seeking to deprive another of that blessing, much less of life?

    Know you of any determinate reason, having regard /had/ to the happiness of both, any determinate reason why the rulers of the inhabitants of Spain whould rule /be rulers/ over the inhabitants of Spanish America though called Spanish rather than that the rulers of the inhabitants of Spanish America should be rulers over the inhabitants of Spain?

    As to superiority of numbers, that could be no reason: superiority of numbers may make might: but it can not make right. Superiority of numbers constitutes not a reason /is no reason/: but if it did /were/, it would operate on their side.

    Superiority of affection? is that the reason? is it that your rulers love them, better than they do themselves? But if it were a reason why your rulers should govern them, it would be just as good an one why their rulers should govern you. Well then - while you govern them, they govern you - while you determine for them what on every occasion their conduct shall be, they determine for you what on every occasion, your conduct shall be.
  • Title: [1820 June 7 Emancipation Spanish]
    Description: 1820 June 7

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    '.6. Creoles repugnant

    Spanish America would be for [...?] of [...?] or Ireland was: and with great advantage

    If, on the news of the unexpected change from government despotism to a government in so great /high/ a degree popular, if under the intoxication produced by so felicitous a result, despotism to throw itself /themselves/ into the arms of their liberators, and not only into their arms, but at their feet should [...?] the amount be found very extensively prevalent the wonder would /need/ not be great. But that at the end of a certain interval, when the intoxication had had time to subside, and experience had taken place of hope and confidence, this /a/ disposition /to self-sacrifice/ should continue unchanged, seems far too much to be expected.

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    1 In America money would have to be raised by taxes to be sent without equivalent to save taxes to you in Europe

    2. From America, money the proceeds of [...?] would be to be suit for the same purpose.

    3. Under the notion of benefiting the [...?] class among you, restriction would be to be imposed on the production and export of the produce of industry in these distant regions on the productions of the industry of these your American subjects.

    4. To make fortunes for the purpose of their being spent among you and for your benefit. Others in Spanish America, would under the new Constitution, or under the old despotism be to be filled by the choice of your rulers.