date

1820 July 23. Emancipation Spanish
1820 July 23.

Emancipation Spanish

'. 11. Particular interests adverse

Retrenchment principles

Holder of office during pleasure not comparable if they have means of living from

other sorces.

In the pain of disappointment consists all the suffering from retrenchment. No

expectation no disappointment. The subject of disappointment may be possessed or

vested expectancy. Disappointment may have /has/ for its cause loss of things in

possession or loss of things in vested expectancy. In so far as no vested expectancy

has place disappointment has no place. In so far as no vested expectancy has no place

endowment attached to useless or needless office may be abolished without suffering,

on condition of allowing the whole of the endowment attached to the incumbent during

his life the whole of the endowment attached to his office. Offices held under

appointments understood to be revocable may be extinguished without compensation

where the incumbent is in possession of a livelyhood from any other source/

II As to maximizing the facility

Whatever reduces the suffering reduces at the same time the facility.

It were to be wished that it could be added, and in the same proportion. But the

facility will be invisibly in the power of resistence: and in the case in question

the power of resistence will be not as the quantity of suffering but as the quantity

of political influence. Under a despotism it will accordingly be at its maximum:

under /in/ a republic at it minimum, in a mixt government directly in the power of

the ruling few [...?] in the power of the subject many.
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  • Title: [1820 July 23 From Emancipation Spanish]
    Description: 1820 July 23

    From Emancipation Spanish Retrenchment

    '. 11. Particualr interests adverse

    Retrenchment principles

    The interests of the King, of the Clergy, of the Public Creditor all concur in

    requiring that thais emancipation should have place. To avoid practical error,

    political surveys must be not merely extensive but all comprehensive. Retrench

    somewhere is indispensable. For a long time receipt has fallen short of expenditure

    exzpenditure has outrun receipt not substraction form but addition to expenditure

    will for some time be among the unaviodable results of the auspicious change.

    Retrenchment somewhere is therfore indispensable. Retrenchment is this quarter may be

    made with less suffering than from any of those other quarters. The greater the

    retrenchemtn made in any one of those quarters the less will need to be the

    retrenchment from those other quarters taken together In this quarter Retrenchment

    may be made with less suffering than is one of those other quarters.

    Follow certain principles not as to financial[?] retrenchment. Judge, my friends how

    far they are or are not true ones.

    The ends in view are - 1. Reduction of suffering to the minimum

    2. Giving the maximum facility to the operation

    1. As to minimizing the suffering

    The suffering will be the less, 1. the less the number of the sufferers; 2. the

    intense the suffering on the part of each. In taking the number of suffers, not the

    immediate /principal/ sufferers above but those /dependents of all clases/ who

    through them are sufferers should be included. Dependents on men of the lowest class

    are wives and children and other dependent blood relations. In the higher classes to

    these are added domestics, servants, and artists of all sorts who subsist by

    ministering ot their pleasures. Were it not for this the King being but one, and the

    provision made for him so enormous stripping off /by restricting/ the whole provision

    attached to that office, the retrenchment might be made with least injury. But he has

    his dependents and they have theirs. The service thus employed /rendered/ being all

    of it useless to the public, as the incumbrances drop off the office with its

    instruments should be extinguished.
  • Title: [1820 May 31. Emancipation Spanish]
    Description: 1820 May 31.

    Emancipation Spanish

    '.4. Prelim y Considrat[?] continued

    5. Retrenchment this the easiest

    '.4. Preliminary Considerations continued Retrenchment necessary - In no other department is it so easy.

    5. If retrenchment is made, it is in this part of the field of expense that retrenchment may be made with greatest facility be made

    In stating /submitting/ this topic to your consideration, I anticipate that in the account of pecuniary profit and loss, the effect of the dominion in question will be no profit, all loss. On the proof given of this loss will therefore depend the relevancy and utility of every thing /observation/ which under this head you will see advanced /made/

    When your rulers come to take into consideration the subject of finance, they will see the extreme difficulty of adding any thing to the taxes already in existence.

    Instead of addition, they may perhaps see what even to them will appear an absolute necessity of subtraction.

    They will find /see/ that whatsoever has been the amount of taxation, under the old system expenditure has constantly gone on and to the utmost bounds of possibility has continued outstretching it

    They will accordingly see the absolute necessity of retrenchment somewhere.

    Well then if /there in some part of the field of expenditure there/ must be retrenchment, what part can be more suitable than that in which so far from being necessary the expenditure is not productive of any advantage - is on the contrary productive of much evil /evil[?] and/ uncompensated.

    Look all round the field of expenditure, no other part will you find in which the retrenchment can be made with less of inconvenience - with less of real, sensible, indisputable evil, coming home immediate to individuals - felt by assignable individuals.
  • Title: [17 Dec r 1809 Parl y Reform]
    Description: 17 Dec r 1809

    Parl y Reform

    Influence

    Ch.3. Dependence - Modes

    '.1. Self the possessor

    5

    5

    10. Where the benefit in question is revocable, and that benefit in possession the /the circumstance by which it is converted[?] into an/ efficient cause of dependence is the fear of losing it.

    11. By the fear of losing a revocable benefit, for example a lucrative or power-conferring office, a greater /more operative efficient/ /actually /already/ in possession/ degree of dependence is produced than by the hope of gaining the same office, coupled (as all hope must be) with the opposite fear, the fear of not acquiring /gaining/ it. For

    12 When once a man has been for a certain time in possession of any such benefit with the source of income attached to it, he grounds /builds[?]/ upon it the plan of his future life: whereupon, if it happens to him to lose it, he is no longer able to move in his accustomed sphere, but is forced to descend /sink/ into a lower: whereas /an inferior one: but/ if the object of his ambition /desire/ be still but in expectancy, not having yet been attained /obtained/, in this case, although it should never happen to him to attain /obtain/ it, still no such downfall is ever felt by him: the worst that in that respect /in respect of mode of life/ happens to him is to continue as he was.