date

21 Aug 1815 B + A  Ch. Imperfection
21 Aug 1815 B + A 

Ch. Imperfection Evidenciary

1

§. Marks of verity

This is [....?] Evidence?

§. Marks: or criterion of verity or [...?] circumstances attached to a narrative or statement by the individualizing and concomitant circumstance, the circumstances in which it was placed by which it was accompani ...

Marks or criterions of verity in the case of a discourse by any event, incident occurrence or state of things supposing it really to have had place will be sure to abide: these are certain circumstances with which in a proportion more or less considerable, as determined by the name or appellation employed in the designation of it, and which if the description given of it be effectually individualized, i.e. distinguished from all individual events or states of things capable of being designated by the same generic or specific names. The effect these collateral circumstances is—that, if, in relation to ony one of these heads the description given of the principal event or state of things in question is false, (the falsity of) the account given of the main or principal event, as designated by its appropriate generic or specific name will be seen to be false likewise.

Of these individualizing and these particularizing concomitant circumstances the greater the known number, the more difficult will it be in a statement which in respect of the main event or state of things is false and therefore in respect of these several circumstances if spoken of circumstances by which that event or state of things was accompanied, false likewise, shall never the less be taken for true. The greater the number of these circumstances the greater the more extensive is the surface exposed to detection in the case of falsity.

1.

Criterions of verity i.e. sources of detection in case of falsity, are individualizing

circumstances.

2.

The greater the number of those circumstances stated in the report as having had place, the greater the chance that if the report made of the principal fact be false the falsity of it will become manifest. The greater the quantity of surface exposed to detection and falsification.
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    §. Marks of verity

    1. Essentially concomitant circumstances viz. individualizing d o and designation of the individual portion of time a portion of space occupied by the event or state of things in question.

    Supposing the statement true, no matter of what number of those concomitant circumstances is made to accompany the designation made of the main or principal event or state of things: be the number ever so great the probability of its being regarded as false is not encreased in any degree from that magnitude. On the other hand suppose the statement given of the main or principal event or state of things false, in which case all the designation given of the supposed and alledged concomitant circumstances, circumstances by which that event or state of things being exhibited as true is stated to have been accompanied, the greater the number is of these circumstances their falsity stated as having had existence which is included in the designation given of the main or principal event or state of things, the greater is the probability that the statement which by the supposition is false will appear to be so and will be regarded as being so.

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    If the statement of the principal event be true, by/the report of no number of these individualizing circumstances can any encreased chance of falsification be produced: if false, the greater the number of them, the greater the chance of falsification.
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    § Circumstances probabilizing and disprobabilizing criterions and marks of verity, internal and external—Internal are individualizing circumstances: external are indicative of trustworthiness.

    By the words probabilzing

    circumstances what then ought we to understand?

    In regard to all such facts as it happens to any man to have perception, the nature of the things has furnished certain circumstances which with reference to any statement or report that have been made in relation to them may be termed criterions or marks of verity. Criterionas of verity at any rate: and in case of actual verity, marks. Internal and external—These criterions and eventual marks of verity be they what they may will be found capable of being without improperity referred to one or other of the two classes thus denominated.

    The internal criterions or marks of verity will it is believed be found capable of being comprehended all of them, under the appellation of individualizing circumstances.

    To the head of facts indicative of trustworthiness on the part of the witness or witnesses of all description will it is believed be found referable all criterions or marks of verity other than those for the description of which the appellation of internal has been employed.

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    Criterions and marks of verity, 1. internal. 2. external: criterions are in case of actual verity, marks.

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    Criterions of verity are individualizing circumstances.

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    2. External criterions of verity are facts indicative of trustworthiness in witnesses (added to probative force of real

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  • Title: [21 Aug 1815 Jug True I Prolegomena]
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    §. Marks of verity

    1. Essentially concomitant or individualizing circumstances—accidentally concomitant circumstances—to one or other of these two classes with every assignable concomitant circumstance it is believed to be found referable.

    The essentially concomitant circumstances are the circumstances of place and time. These may also be stiled individualizing circumstances and that for the following reason.

    1. No individual event or state of things whatever can have existence but it must exist in some determinate individual portion of time.

    2. No individual event or state of things can have existence but it must exist in some determinate individual portion of space.

    3. Take any portion of space no two individual atoms or aggregates of atoms of the same bulk can have placement in the same portion of time.

    4. Thence it is that it is of some one individual body or portion of matter and no other, that any statement by which if that portion of matter is stated as occupying in that portion of time that portion of space can be true.

    5. Hence it is that taken together, the circumstances of place and time may with relation to any and every event or state of things, be termed individualizing circumstances.

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    Concomitant circumstances are

    1. Essentially concomitant.

    2. Accidentally concomitant.

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    1. Essentially concomitant are those of place and time. These may be termed individualizing circumstances.

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    Aphorisms respecting individualizing circumstances

    1. No event or state of things can have had existence but in some determinate individual portion of space.

    2. So of time.

    3. In no individual portion of space can two portions of matter each of a bulk equal to it have had place at the same moment or atom of time.

    7.

    4. Hence to one an individual portion of matter and no other can a report ascribe the having at a given point of time occupied a given corespondent portion of space, and be true.

    5. Hence these correspondent circumstances of place and time are with reference to each assignable event or state of things, individualizing circumstances.