date

26 Aug 1815 Jug. True Ch. Imperfections
26 Aug 1815

Jug. True

Ch. Imperfections

Marks of Verity

(3)

Essentially characteristic circumstances concomitant circumstances unessential accompaniments —by this—two appellatives may be distinguished two sets of concomitant circumstances between which the distinction will be found to be of cardinal importance.

Essentially characteristic circumstances—under this denomination may be included the circumstances constitutive of place and time—individual place occupied by the matter of fact in question the objects whether events or states of things—i.e. portions of substance whether in a relatively stationary or in a relatively movable state, during the portion of time (during which that same portion of matter or mind in question is in the occupation of that individual portion of space.)

5.

Accompaniments 1. essential. 2. unessential—of a matter of fact.

6.

Essential

accompaniments—or any essentially

characteristic circumstances the individualizing circumstances constitutive of place and time.

4 (a)

A species, what (see p.2. Rudiments)
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  • Title: [28 Aug 1815 Jug. True I. Prolego]
    Description: 28 Aug 1815

    Jug. True

    I. Prolego

    Ch. Imperfections

    Mark of Verity

    9

    On the contrary when the story which a man has to relate is a true one, and whether from the extraordinariness of it backwardness of belief presents itself to him as probable, the greater the degree of backwardness apprehended, the greater will be the exertions made in the hope of surmounting it: for this purpose a cause which by the nature of the case is rendered sufficiently obvious to him—not content with giving this title to credence to the single naked fact which the nature of the case point[s] out as the essential one, he will look out for concomitant unessential and not necessarily, but still however actually concomitant facts, unessential facts which at the time in question were concomitant to the essential case—as many as he can find: and the more of them he can find the firmer the pledge and proof of his veracity—of the correctness and completeness which he will have thus afforded.

    (Quere if not inserted in substance above?) This is a pencil note bracketing the following paragrah.

    (To have had its train of accompaniments of concomitant of synchronous circumstances all of them as real as itself is the distinguishing property of every real matter of fact real event or state of things: not to have in reality any one such synchronous circumstance of its own—not to have any such so much as in appearance, unless it be by borrowing it from a synchronism of real events is the distinguishing character common to every untimely false reported imaginary event or fictitious state of things.)

    18 or 11

    A certain story true, and by its extraordinariness, or any other circumstance, backwardness of belief apprehended, the greater the degree apprehended, the greater the exertion to surmount it: thence the more actually concomitant facts be found to have been in existence, essential or inessential, the more he will present to view as having been concomitant to the percipient fact.

    19 or 12

    To have been encompassed by a circle of real concomitant circumstances is the characteristic of a real fact: not to have had any such accompanying marks in reality, nor in appearance unless borrowed from real facts is common to every untruly reported every imaginary fact.
  • Title: [21 Aug 1815 Jug True I Prolegomena]
    Description: 21 Aug 1815

    Jug True

    I Prolegomena

    Ch. Imperfection Evidentiary

    3

    §. Marks of verity

    1. Essentially concomitant or individualizing circumstances—accidentally concomitant circumstances—to one or other of these two classes with every assignable concomitant circumstance it is believed to be found referable.

    The essentially concomitant circumstances are the circumstances of place and time. These may also be stiled individualizing circumstances and that for the following reason.

    1. No individual event or state of things whatever can have existence but it must exist in some determinate individual portion of time.

    2. No individual event or state of things can have existence but it must exist in some determinate individual portion of space.

    3. Take any portion of space no two individual atoms or aggregates of atoms of the same bulk can have placement in the same portion of time.

    4. Thence it is that it is of some one individual body or portion of matter and no other, that any statement by which if that portion of matter is stated as occupying in that portion of time that portion of space can be true.

    5. Hence it is that taken together, the circumstances of place and time may with relation to any and every event or state of things, be termed individualizing circumstances.

    4.

    Concomitant circumstances are

    1. Essentially concomitant.

    2. Accidentally concomitant.

    5.

    1. Essentially concomitant are those of place and time. These may be termed individualizing circumstances.

    6.

    Aphorisms respecting individualizing circumstances

    1. No event or state of things can have had existence but in some determinate individual portion of space.

    2. So of time.

    3. In no individual portion of space can two portions of matter each of a bulk equal to it have had place at the same moment or atom of time.

    7.

    4. Hence to one an individual portion of matter and no other can a report ascribe the having at a given point of time occupied a given corespondent portion of space, and be true.

    5. Hence these correspondent circumstances of place and time are with reference to each assignable event or state of things, individualizing circumstances.
  • Title: [Headings by Bentham, text in another hand]
    Description: Headings by Bentham, text in another hand.

    26 Nov r 1815

    Jug. Util. and Jug True

    Part IV. Verity considered

    Generalia

    15 or 8.

    the more actually concomitant facts he can find to have been in existence, essential or unessential, the more he will present to view as having been concomitant to the principal fact. p.9.