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25 Dec 1814
Jug Util
10
II. Sub Rev
5
Heresy Heterodoxy
Heresy—heterodoxy heresy schism—In all these cases there does exist it is but too true a real matter of fact—and with it a real offence existing and made manifest. Manifest? but on whose part? On the part of the person, to whom and by these expressions, delinquency is imputed? No: but in the part of him by whom it is imputed: By heresy, in Greek [Greek text] ere it was first applied to the purpose of giving intimation of a species of delinquency nothing more was meant than the making of a choice, making a choice as between one opinion and another. Making a choice not between one opinion and another? (says the alledged delinquent accused with heresy) but in doing so where can be the offence? who is there that is not occupied—continually occupied in the making of such choices? who is there that for two minutes together unless by being asleep can avoid making it? who is there that can avoid making it and live?
Oh, but says the accuser the opinion thus chosen is an opinion opposite different from mine. Here then is the proposition involved—continually and necessarily involved in every such charge. I was a person the differing from whom in opinion on any article and in particular in any article of religion, or in a word in any article whatever, in an offence. <.^.^.>by the two expressions one and the same amount to <.^.^.> is expressed. I am in intention a tyrant in so far as <.^.^.> myself a tyrant: and under my tyranny my <.^.^.> is that all mankind be prostrate. My wish and desire is to render miserable whatsoever person shall in any part presume to give expression to an opinion different from mine.
7.
2. Schism
heterodoxy
heresy: In all these instances an offence indeed has place: but the offender is not he to whom: but he by whom transgression is imputed. Heresy means making a choice—nothing more.
8.
Orthodox. The offence consists in making a wrong choice. i.e. a choice different from mine.
9.
Heterodox. This is as much as to say I am tyrant as much as I can be, and wish to subject to my
tyranny all mankind—rendering miserable all who profess to think differently from me.
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Title: [24 Dec 1814 Jug. Util §.2.]Description: 24 Dec 1814 Jug. Util §.2. 7 II. Sub Rev Ch.1. Course of enquiry 1 §.2. Not impious or immoral §.2. In this inquiry there is nothing of impiety any more than of immorality. Impiety— blasphemy—atheism— heresy, heterodoxy, schism—these and other terms of reproach as the vocabulary of hatred affords under the head of religion—of what is it that they MS alt. ‘they indicate’. are indications? Of any thing in the conduct of time to whom they are applied?—No: but only of something viz. the passion of hatred, as reigning in the breast of him by whom they are employed. Impossible is the supposition which, in this use of the word impiety, as often as it is employed in the character of a term of reproach, imputing guilt to the person of whose discourse or deportment it is predicated will be found to be involved: tacitly indeed, but not the less necessarily involved. A persuasion of existence of an almighty being endowed with such qualities such of which as under the name of moral and intellectual not so much as a conception could have been derived from any other source than the observation and experience of them as exemplified in human nature—of a being formed with infinite power, and at the same time activated by the passions such as that of jealousy and ravings—a God who by himself is termed a jealous God—a God, in whose mouth the tremendous sound Vengeance is [...?] has been known to issue—A persuasion of the existence being powerful in the extreme and at the same time jealous <.^.^.> vindictive in the extreme is supposed to be entertained by <.^.^.> and at the same time by this same man, he being at the same time in his senses and not labouring under any mental derangement, not only a propensity to offer, but the habit of offering affronts to that same being who all the while to his power adds the disposition to subject him to tortures infinite in duration as well as extent, is ascribed! Is it possible to carry to a pitch the 2 [...?] of absurdity and injustice? 1. Schism—heterodoxy, heresy, blasphemy, impiety, atheism, signs not of any quality in the discourse, but of a passion in the mind, of him who uses them. 2. In a proportion by which impiety is imputed, is involved is an impossible supposition. 3. There is that of a belief of the existence of a being almighty yet jealous and vindictive, able and disposed to punish with infinite torment any who affront him—coupled with the disposition to affront him.
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Title: [24 Dec r 1814 Jug. Util 13]Description: 24 Dec r 1814 Jug. Util 13 II. Sub Rev 7 Heresy Heterodoxy The more absurd the opinion, the more the number of opponents which it would be liable to find and the warmer the opposition on the part of evil[?] it would be apt to find. But the hotter the opposition the warmer would be the resentment kindled by that opposition: and the hotter the resentment the sharper the suffering which in the name of punishment it would, in so far as it were in its power, inflict for the gratification of that passion: and thence it was that the more absurd the opinion the graver the imputation cast on him whose offence consisted in the not embracing it. 12. The more absurd the opinion the graver is the offence imputed to him who refuted it. For, the more absurd the opinion the more and warmer the opponents: the warmer the opposition the warmer the resentment kindled by it: the warmer that resentment the greater the suffering which it would seek to inflict. To [...?] a [...?] for such infliction, the graver therefore the offence imputed.
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Title: [25 Dec r 1814 Jug Util 12]Description: 25 Dec r 1814 Jug Util 12 II Sub Rev. 6 Heterodoxy is neither more nor less than the entertaining an opinion different from that of him whose opinion is taken for the standard. But as between A and B be they who they may which is he whose opinion is the proper standard? the standard to which the other ought to be made conformable. Between the opinion of A and the opinion of B there is by the supposition a certain distance. True but in which ever way measured this distance is it not the same? If between your opinion and mine there is a certain distance is it not as great from mine to yours as from yours to mine. True: but if either of us is the tyrant the legitimate tyrant of the whole human race, then and not otherwise, so it is that how true the opinion is the proper the universal standard, and on the part of every other person to entertain an opinion in any degree distant from it is an offence. Ah! how little do they know—how far are they from so much as suspecting—that in these terms by which in those latter days the gravest imputation has been understood to be conveyed, not any the slightest imputation at all was originally contained. But little by little as disputes about things unintelligible grew fiercer and fiercer, that one of two opposite sets of disputants which had on its side the virtue of flesh, set up its own Jesus [...?] for the standard to the other, every <.^.^.> standard of rectitude from which every deviation <.^.^.> punished as an offence. 10. Heterodoxy is the entertaining of opinions from his whose opinion is the standard. B's opinion is as far from A's as A's from B's. Only upon the supposition that A is the lawful tyrant of the human race, is B's opinion more of an offence than A's. 11. Little do men know that which is and in so many minds the gravest of imputations was at first no imputation at all: nor would ever have been so but that one of two disputants got the power to make the other suffer.
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