date

9 Jan y 1816 Jug. True Ch
9 Jan y 1816

Jug. True

Ch. Beginning

 Begin a fresh Colum in copying

§ Circumstances probabilizing and disprobabilizing criterions and marks of verity, internal and external—Internal are individualizing circumstances: external are indicative of trustworthiness.

By the words probabilzing

circumstances what then ought we to understand?

In regard to all such facts as it happens to any man to have perception, the nature of the things has furnished certain circumstances which with reference to any statement or report that have been made in relation to them may be termed criterions or marks of verity. Criterionas of verity at any rate: and in case of actual verity, marks. Internal and external—These criterions and eventual marks of verity be they what they may will be found capable of being without improperity referred to one or other of the two classes thus denominated.

The internal criterions or marks of verity will it is believed be found capable of being comprehended all of them, under the appellation of individualizing circumstances.

To the head of facts indicative of trustworthiness on the part of the witness or witnesses of all description will it is believed be found referable all criterions or marks of verity other than those for the description of which the appellation of internal has been employed.

1.

Criterions and marks of verity, 1. internal. 2. external: criterions are in case of actual verity, marks.

2.

1. Internal

Criterions of verity are individualizing circumstances.

3.

2. External criterions of verity are facts indicative of trustworthiness in witnesses (added to probative force of real

evidence.)
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  • Title: [9 Jan y 1816 Jug. True Ch.]
    Description: 9 Jan y 1816

    Jug. True

    Ch. Beginning

    4

    Improbablizing circumstances of any deficiency in the list of individualizing circumstances reported.

    By individualizing circumstances are here meant those circumstances in the indication of which the description of the indiviudal fact or matter of fact in question be it what it may it being of the class of real matter of fact is contained: that description by which it is distinguished from every other matter of fact.

    In the instance of every matter of fact that has ever happened the nature of the case it will be seen can not but have afforded a really existing set of individualizing

    circumstances.

    These individualizing circumstances are

    1. Circumstances designated by the word place.

    2. Circumstances designated by the word time.

    3.  Quaere as to circumstances belonging to the head of causality: relation in the field of causality of the fact in question to other facts anterior, posterior, or cotemporaneous: relation, direct, or collateral.

     Proceed to the paper containg Aphorism respecting individualizing

    circumstances.

     This under the head of External criterions of verity commenc with the distinction between percipient and narrating witnesses.

    4.

    1. Individualizing circumstances, [...?] by which the individual objects of which the existence is affirmed are distingusihed from all others: (objects, i.e. persons and things)

    5.

    Every real matter of fact must have had its individualzing circumstances.

    6.

    Individualizing circumstances list of

    1. Place

    2. Time.

    3. Causality?

    (See Aphorisms as to individualizing circumstances)

     [...?] come under external criterion of verity, Witnesses percipient or narrating.
  • Title: [9 Jan y 1816 Jug. True Ch.]
    Description: 9 Jan y 1816

    Jug. True

    Ch. Beginning

    2

    In relation to those which in respect of their supernaturality are here regarded as not true the consideration by which that conclusion has been dictated may be referred to [in] one or other of three heads

    1. Exhibited by any statement report or history written at a remote period and early stage in the progress of society such as was that in question, as marks of verity capable of having been exhibited by a set of facts even supposing them all true, could afford if handed down no otherwise than through the evidence of human witnesses percipient and narrating witnesses could have afforded to any person having at this time of day, a just ground for believing them supposing them to be supernatural, to have been true.

    2. In the case of the facts therein represented as supernatural, there exists a remarkable and nearly total deficiency in respect of all probabilizing circumstances.

    3. In the instance of those same facts there exists in great abundance, improbabilizing circumstances—improbabilizing circumstances, several of them of such a nature as to be capable each of them taken singly or at the least two of them taken together, to outweigh whatsover probabilizing circumstances can be seen to have place: improbabilizing circumstances of this force, and of them in a considerable abundance.

    3.

    Grounds of these conclusions.

    1. Supposing the alledged facts true, no sufficient reasons for believing at least those facts of such a nature said to have happened at that time could have been assured.

    4.

    2. To form a ground for belief in them theyafford no sufficient stock of probabilizing circumstances.

    5.

    3. Disprobabilizing circumstances they afford many: several sufficient each of itself to outweigh the probabilizing.
  • Title: [26 Nov r 1815 Part IV Verity Considered]
    Description: 26 Nov r 1815

    Part IV Verity Considered

    Generalia

    Jug Util and Jug True.

    Individualizing Circumstances

    Individualizing circumstances deficient

    Individualizing circumstances deficient causes

    Criterions of Verity