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1819 Mar. 10
Jug. Util.
Verity
2
Price and Campbel
II. Campbel
(2)
So much for the Revered D r Price. Now for the Reverend D r Campbel. There we have the South Briton? here we have the North Briton.
Improbability—disconformity to the ordinary course of nature—if that be what you mean by miraculousness—is no ground for disbelief, appears no bar to belief. For the trial of /as between such/ conformity and disconformity is a tedious and precarious process. For distinguishing truth from falshood God has given us an instrument which can never err: at least let the /supposed fact/ miracle be ever so miraculous /extraordinary/, the instrument will serve us at pleasure for proving it to be true. This instrument is a believing
sense. We have one sense for seeing; we have another for believing. If the correctness of our belief depended on the judgment of the judicial faculty yes: then indeed in believing an alledged miracle we might believe erroneously. But it depends upon perception: it depends on sense: we have a sense in purpose: and that sense can not be deceived: at any rate in such a case as that in question, when the difference between eternal torment /bliss/ and eternal bliss /torment/ depends upon belief and disbelief, /deceived/ it will not be deceived.
Alas! alas! belief in act of simple perception, and not of the judgement! that judgment /the judicial faculty/ should be said to have no encrease[?] in it. Marginal note: ‘This too was the notion of David Hume.’ When even in the case of sight, where sense has really so large a share in the business, judgement has also a share, and by /in/ its decisions man is so frequently deceived! /Look to the East/ What is it that terminates the horizon? a mountain says the judgment: the wind shifts, the mountain is blown away: it was nothing but a cloud /the mountain was a cloud.
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Title: [9 Nov r 1811 Evidence 3]Description: 9 Nov r 1811 Evidence 3 1. Theoret Ch Persuasion §.3 Reid & Campbel 3 Having judgment itself for its opponent this hypothesis could not but find itself labouring under very serious difficulties. 1. Out of two cases, of each of which the existence is equally undividable, for one alone did it so much as take upon itself to give account. For the act of belief as often as examined upon testimony, it provided a believing sense—a testimony-believing sense. But while in some instances testimony is believed in others it is disbelieved: of them to account for belief of testimony there be a need of a believing sense to account for disbelief of testimony there exits not less need of a disbelieving sense. The believing sense being infallible, how is it with the disbelieving sense? If this be not infallible likewise, [...?] will be expected to account for the difference. If both be alike infallible, here we every now and then have two senses one pronouncing a fact true, the other pronouncing the same thing not true: each contradicting the other, and both of them infallible.
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Title: [9 Nov r 1811 Evidence 1. Theoretic]Description: 9 Nov r 1811 Evidence 1. Theoretic Ch. Persuasive Causes § 3 Reid & Campbel 4 In the case of a judgment, a propensity to pass it would not be regarded as sufficiency to prove it just. The principle of much evidence, in credulity precluding all MS ‘all all’. argument all inquiry—all examination. Try it upon [...?] &c. The principle of experience puts every thing upon a case of examination : and furnishes a clue. To A to whom the object of belief is believed the hypothesis of a believing sense presents nothing which on that occasion he has any much need to quarrel with. But to B. the same fact is an object of disbelief. The believing sense by which A is warranted in the belief of this same fact is there any thing in it that is to expect B who he has no such sense to give up his disbelief and act as if he had that sense which by the supposition he has not? What the hypothesis goes to is this viz. that whatever proposition finds any person to believe it is true, for, short of this, no place can be found at which it can be stopped. I have a believing sense: this you can not deny: you yourself assure me that I have. Well then the believing sense I have consulted and the information it gives me is that the proposition is true now against this whatsoever any other person may find to say, what is it that you can find? Such is the language which to any one by whom this theory is maintained every other person that pleases has a right to use and that right an indisputable one. But what are the propositions for which this theory is needed, and to which the benefit of it is applied? Such propositions and such alone as are in themselves improbable: for as to those such as are probable there is not one of them that has any need of it.
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Title: [15 Novr 1813 Omitt this page? 5 Aug 1815]Description: 15 Novr 1813 Omitt this page? 5 Aug 1815? Antimir Price and Campbel 4 Ch. Beginning 4 The Case of many witnesses remains to be inserted. Incontestable as the footing for judgment antecedently to any particular application of it this /ground/ mode of stating the ground of division as between belief and disbelief may appear to be, established systems there are to the credit of which it has to certain minds presented itself as not favourable. The following accordingly, (in so far as notions in themselves indistinct and self contradictory can find any adequate expression in a set of words in the putting of which together clearness as well as verity of expression has been the object of the most solicitous endeavours) the following is the proposition that has found advocates:— (2) Of any reported fact, the improbability how great soever how high soever the degree of it, can not afford an adequate ground for the disbelief of it, against the positive report made of it by human testimony.
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